But the government said the actual fare rise for routes solely operated by KMB would be 5.8 per cent after taking into account the company’s toll exemption fund and other factors.

About 90 per cent of passengers would pay no more than HK$1 extra per trip after the first round of increases and the same proportion would pay an extra HK$1.50 following the second, according to the government.

Commuters can, however, obtain some relief through the Public Transport Fare Subsidy Scheme.

It already allows passengers to claim back about a third of their monthly expenses on travel after subtracting HK$200 (US$26), down from the previous HK$400, a change that was set to expire at the end of June but which has now been extended to the end of the year. The subsidy cap has also been increased from HK$400 to HK$500, effective next month.

“With the gradual cessation of these relief measures by the end of 2020, individual franchised bus operators are facing severe financial difficulties because of the declining revenue and rising operating costs,” he said. “It is of great importance to maintain the financial viability of the franchised bus operators to provide safe and quality public bus services.”

The spokesman said the government would continue to help operators adopt a multipronged approach to raising revenue and cutting expenditure.

Long Win Bus Company’s fare increase application was rejected.

The government said Citybus and New World First Bus had suffered a continuous decline in patronage because of the ravages of the Covid-19 pandemic and fare rises would help them to stay afloat.

“According to the relevant financial forecast, both will still see red in their books even with the fare increase rate at 12 per cent as proposed by the two operators,” it said.

The pair last raised fares, by 9.9 per cent, in January 2019 but the government said those were the first increases in 10 years.

In a statement, both firms said ridership during the pandemic had fallen by up to 40 per cent and on some airport routes by as much as 95 per cent.

“So, whilst the fare adjustment is now approved and welcomed, Bravo Bus will still be in a very challenging financial position and continue to suffer heavy losses,” the statement said.

In KMB’s case, the government said it forecast the firm would face a deficit in the coming years if existing fares remained unchanged as those on its solely operated routes had not been increased for almost seven years.

The government said New Lantao Bus had run a deficit since 2017-18, and had not raised fares for the past 13 years.

KMB said in a statement it would freeze its monthly pass at HK$780, adding that it had been in dire straits over the past year as its patronage had drastically dropped due to the pandemic.

Lawmaker Ben Chan Han-pan, of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong, said it was unacceptable that Citybus and New World First Bus could raise fares again after just two years. “We think the government should have considered first the public’s affordability before it assessed the relevant fare applications,” he said.

Chan said the fare rises by the four operators would put a heavy burden on passengers.

Quentin Cheng Hin-kei, spokesman for commuter concern group Public Transport Research Team, said he understood why Citybus and New World First Bus sought hefty fare increases as they usually ran less profitable routes than KMB.

“I suggest the government redistribute bus routes and assign some profitable routes to these two operators to help them diversify their bus networks and facilitate their sustainable development,” he said.