As he flew in for talks with Nato counterparts in Brussels, Milley said Defence Secretary Mark Esper, had not made up his mind what changes to make.

“We’re developing options for the secretary to consider, and we are developing those options in coordination with our allies and partners,” he said.

The announcement follows Trump’s call last week for Nato to do more in the Middle East and came just as Macron gathered his counterparts from Burkina Faso, Chad, Niger, Mali and Mauritania.

France and its five Sahel partners agreed Monday to step up military cooperation to combat the jihadist insurgency, leaders said after a summit in Pau, southwest France.

‘Poor man’s bomb’ reaps bloody toll in African jihadist hotspot

The Sahel countries also said they hoped Washington would maintain its “crucial support” in combating the Islamist extremists.

“If the Americans decided to leave Africa, this would be very bad news for us,” Macron commented.

“I hope to convince President Trump that the fight against terrorism is playing out in this region as well.”

France is preparing its military to better target Islamic extremists in the Sahel region.

French troops were hailed as heroes in 2013 when their intervention helped prevent an Islamist militant push to the Malian capital, Bamako.

“The priority is Islamic State in the Grand Sahara. … It is our priority because it is the most dangerous,” Macron said. “We have no choice, we need results.”

Jihadists in ‘kamikaze vehicles’ attack military base in Niger and kill 71 troops

The United States wants to reduce the number of its troops deployed across Africa over the next few years to focus more on responding to the threats posed by Russia and China.

Washington has some 7,000 special forces on rotation in Africa carrying out joint operations with national forces against jihadists, particularly in Somalia.

Another 2,000 soldiers are conducting training missions in some 40 African countries and taking part in cooperative operations, in particular with France’s Operation Barkhane in Mali, to which they provide mainly logistical help.

One option would be to close a drone base in Agadez, northern Niger, which gives the US a major surveillance platform in the Sahel but has been estimated to cost around US$100 million.

Milley said no decisions had been made yet and insisted Washington was not pulling out of Africa completely.

“Economy of forces does not mean zero,” he said.

French officials are nevertheless alarmed, with a presidency source saying the US made “irreplaceable” contributions to Sahel operations – particularly in surveillance and air-to-air refuelling.

“We would not be able to get these from other partners, especially when it comes to intelligence,” the presidency official said. Paris would be sharing its concerns with the US “at all levels”, the source added.

West African leaders pledge US$1 billion to fight Islamic militancy

Nato military chiefs will use this week’s meeting to debate the future of the alliance’s training mission in Iraq, suspended over security fears after the US killed top Iranian general Qassem Soleimani in a drone strike in Baghdad.

The Iraqi parliament voted on January 5 to oust foreign forces, including some 5,200 American troops, who have helped local troops beat back Islamic State, angering Trump and throwing international operations there in doubt.

“I can’t guarantee anything about the future and I don’t make the policy decisions,” Milley said.

“I can just say what our current policy is and what our current plans are. And my current guidance from the secretary of defence and the president is that we will stay in Iraq.”

Additional reporting by Associated Press and Reuters