Dina Boluarte sworn in as Peru’s first female president after Pedro Castillo ousted, arrested over bid to dissolve Congress

Peru’s leftist leader Pedro Castillo was impeached and replaced as president on Wednesday in a dizzying series of events in the country that has long been prone to political upheaval. Dina Boluarte, a 60-year-old lawyer who had been vice-president, was sworn in as Peru’s first female president just hours after Castillo tried to dissolve Congress in a move criticised as an attempted coup. The day of high drama began with Castillo facing his third impeachment attempt since the former rural schoolteacher unexpectedly took power from Peru’s traditional political elite 18 months ago. In a televised address to the nation, the 53-year-old announced that he was dissolving the opposition-dominated Congress, installing a curfew, and would rule by decree. As criticism poured in over the address, lawmakers defiantly gathered earlier than planned to debate the impeachment motion and approved it, with 101 votes out of a total of 130 lawmakers. Castillo was impeached for his “moral incapacity” to exercise power, after a litany of crises including six investigations against him, five cabinet reshuffles and large protests. The constitution allows impeachment proceedings to be brought against a president based on the subjective premise of political rather than legal wrongdoing, and has made impeachments commonplace in Peru. Castillo was arrested on Wednesday evening, said Marita Barreto, coordinator of a team of prosecutors who deal with government corruption. A source in the attorney general’s office said he was being investigated for rebellion. Castillo became the third president since 2018 to be sacked under the “moral incapacity” provision in the constitution. Within two hours, Boluarte took the oath of office in front of Congress to serve out the rest of Castillo’s term, until July 2026. Peru’s president races home by car to avoid impeachment motion Peru is no stranger to political instability: it had three different presidents in five days in 2020, and is now on its sixth president since 2016. After the impeachment vote, Castillo had left the presidential palace with a bodyguard, heading to the Lima police headquarters before his arrest was officially announced. Castillo was transferred later Wednesday to a police facility in east Lima, where graft-convicted former president Alberto Fujimori – himself removed by Congress in 2000 – is serving out his sentence. Castillo’s supporters criticised their leader’s ousting. “I want to denounce the fact that our president has been kidnapped by the national police, that he has been detained with premeditation and treachery by Congress,” said retired soldier Manuel Gaviria, 59. But in her swearing-in ceremony before lawmakers, donning the presidential sash, Boluarte said “there was an attempted coup by Mr. Pedro Castillo that did not receive any support in the democratic institutions or out in the streets.” Castillo came out of seemingly nowhere to win 50.12 per cent of votes in a June 2021 run-off election against rightwing Keiko Fujimori, the corruption-charged daughter of ex-leader Alberto Fujimori. He was born in a tiny village where he worked as a teacher for 24 years, and was largely unknown until he led a national strike in 2017 that forced the then government to agree to pay rise demands. Castillo sought to portray himself as a humble servant of the people, travelling on horseback for much of his presidential campaign, and promising to end to corruption. However allegations against him quickly flooded in. The investigations he is facing range from alleged graft and obstruction of justice to plagiarising his university thesis. In addition to these, in October Peru’s attorney general filed a constitutional complaint accusing Castillo of heading a criminal organisation involving his family and allies. Peru’s jailed former president Alberto Fujimori in hospital again Castillo and his lawyers long argued the investigations against him were part of a plot to unseat him. “This intolerable situation cannot continue,” he said earlier on Wednesday as he announced he would convene a new Congress to draft a new constitution within nine months. Hundreds of protesters gathered in front of Congress ahead of the vote. “We are tired of this corrupt government that was stealing from day one,” said 51-year-old Johana Salazar. Ricardo Palomino, 50, a systems engineer, said Castillo’s attempt to dissolve parliament was “totally unacceptable and unconstitutional. It went against everything and these are the consequences”. Latin American governments voiced deep concern and appealed for respect for democracy, but there were also hints of support for Castillo from fellow leftist leaders. Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, one of Castillo’s staunchest allies, blamed “economic and political elites” for a hostile environment since the beginning of his “legitimate presidency.” The government of Gustavo Petro, Colombia’s first left-wing president, called for dialogue involving “all political actors,” adding that “democracy requires the recognition of the popular will expressed both in the elections for president and for Congress.” Brazil was more critical of Castillo’s actions, calling his attempt to dissolve Congress a “violation” of democracy and the rule of law. Late on Wednesday, a spokesperson for the US State Department welcomed Boluarte’s appointment in a statement, adding that Washington would “support Peru under the unity government President Boluarte pledged to form.”