Car-sized asteroid flies within 2,950km of Earth – the closest pass ever – and we didn’t see it coming

A car-sized asteroid flew within about 2,950km (1,830 miles) of Earth on Sunday. That’s a remarkably close shave – the closest ever recorded, in fact, according to asteroid trackers and a catalogue compiled by Sormano Astronomical Observatory in Italy. Because of its size, the space rock likely wouldn’t have posed any danger to people on the ground had it struck our planet. But the close call is worrisome nonetheless, since astronomers had no idea the asteroid existed until after it passed by. “The asteroid approached undetected from the direction of the sun,” Paul Chodas, the director of Nasa’s Centre for Near Earth Object Studies, told Business Insider. “We didn’t see it coming.” Instead, the Palomar Observatory in California first detected the space rock about six hours after it flew by Earth. Chodas confirmed the record-breaking nature of the event: “Yesterday’s close approach is closest on record, if you discount a few known asteroids that have actually impacted our planet,” he said. Nasa knows about only a fraction of near-Earth objects (NEOs) like this one. Many do not cross any telescope’s line of sight, and several potentially dangerous asteroids have snuck up on scientists in recent years. If the wrong one slipped through the gaps in our NEO-surveillance systems, it could kill tens of thousands of people. Broken cable smashes hole in giant ‘Contact’ radio telescope that searches for aliens This recent near-Earth asteroid was initially called ZTF0DxQ but is now formally known to astronomers as 2020 QG. Business Insider first learned about it from Tony Dunn, the creator of the website orbitsimulator.com. “Newly-discovered asteroid ZTF0DxQ passed less than 1/4 Earth diameter yesterday, making it the closest-known fly-by that didn’t hit our planet,” Dunn tweeted on Monday. He shared the animation below. The sped-up simulation shows the approximate orbital path of 2020 QG as it careered by at a speed of about 12.4km per second or about 44,417km/h. Newly-discovered asteroid ZTF0DxQ passed less than 1/4 Earth diameter yesterday, making it the closest-known flyby that didn't hit our planet.@renerpho Simulation: https://t.co/a81R100OwV Higher-res GIF: https://t.co/4Wxn0YNpVb pic.twitter.com/SMtVRbjYOA — Tony Dunn (@tony873004) August 17, 2020 Early observations suggest the space rock flew over the Southern Hemisphere just before 4am Universal Time on Sunday (just before midnight ET on Saturday). The animation above shows 2020 QG flying over the Southern Ocean near Antarctica. However, the International Astronomical Union’s Minor Planet Centre calculated a slightly different trajectory. The group’s rendering (shown at the beginning of this story), suggests the asteroid flew over the Pacific Ocean hundreds of kilometres east of Australia. As far as space rocks go, 2020 QG wasn’t too dangerous. Chinese simulation stops asteroid strike without using nukes Telescope observations suggest the object is between 2 metres and 5.5 metres wide – somewhere between the size of a small car and an extended pickup truck. But even if it was on the largest end of that spectrum and made of dense iron, only small pieces of such an asteroid may have reached the ground, according to the “Impact Earth” simulator from Purdue University and Imperial College London. Such an asteroid would have exploded in the atmosphere, creating a brilliant fireball and unleashing an airburst equivalent to detonating a couple dozen kilotons of TNT. That’s about the same as one of the atomic bombs the US dropped on Japan in 1945. But the airburst would have happened some 5km above the ground, so it wouldn’t have sounded any louder than heavy traffic to people on the ground. This doesn’t make the asteroid’s discovery much less unnerving, though – it does not take a huge space rock to create a big problem. Take, for example, the roughly 20-metre-wide asteroid that exploded without warning over Chelyabinsk, Russia, in February 2013. That space rock created a superbolide event, unleashing an airburst equivalent to 500 kilotons of TNT – about 30 Hiroshima nuclear bombs’ worth of energy. The explosion, which began some 20km above Earth, resulted in a blast wave that shattered windows in six Russian cities and injured about 1,500 people. And in July 2019, a 130-metre asteroid called 2019 OK passed within 72,400km of our planet, or less than 20 per cent of the distance between Earth and the moon. Astronomers detected that rock less than a week before its closest approach, leading one scientist to tell The Washington Post that the asteroid essentially appeared “out of nowhere”. Dinosaur-dooming asteroid hit Earth at ‘deadliest’ angle, study suggests In an unlikely direct hit to a city, such an asteroid might kill tens of thousands of people. Nasa is actively looking for dangerous space rocks, as Congress has required it to do since 2005. However, the agency is only mandated to detect 90 per cent of “city killer” space rocks larger than about 140 metres in diameter. In May 2019, Nasa said it had found less than half of the estimated 25,000 objects of that size or larger. And of course, that doesn’t count smaller rocks such as the Chelyabinsk and 2019 OK asteroids. Objects that come from the direction of the sun, meanwhile – like 2020 QG – are basically impossible to spot. “There’s not much we can do about detecting inbound asteroids coming from the sunward direction, as asteroids are detected using optical telescopes only (like ZTF), and we can only search for them in the night sky,” Chodas said. “The idea is that we discover them on one of their prior passages by our planet, and then make predictions years and decades in advance to see whether they have any possibility of impacting.” Nasa has a plan to address these gaps in its asteroid-hunting programme. The agency is in the early stages of developing a space telescope that could detect asteroids and comets coming from the sun’s direction. Nasa’s 2020 budget allotted nearly US$36 million for that telescope, called the Near-Earth Object Surveillance Mission. If funding continues, it could launch as early as 2025. Read the original story at Business Insider.

Car-sized asteroid flies within 2,950km of Earth – the closest pass ever – and we didn’t see it coming

.css-1mniedq{color:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-family:inherit;line-height:inherit;} The asteroid flew closer than any known space rock has come without crashing into the planet A Nasa-funded programme detected the asteroid, called 2020 QG, six hours after its close approach

The asteroid flew closer than any known space rock has come without crashing into the planet

A Nasa-funded programme detected the asteroid, called 2020 QG, six hours after its close approach