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A Dutch National Holocaust Memorial was officially opened in Amsterdam on Sunday, after years of legal dispute.
King Willem-Alexander unveiled the monument that was created by the Dutch Auschwitz Committee and designed by architect Daniel Liebeskind.
It is the first memorial to name all 102,000 Dutch Jews, Sinti and Roma who were murdered by the Nazis during World War II.

Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte said it is a memorial against oblivion. “This monument says: No, we will not forget you. No, we will not allow your names to be erased. No, evil does not have the last word.”
The prime minister also stressed that the memorial forced the Netherlands to account for the “cold reception” given to the few Jews who had survived the death camps and returned. Rutte spoke of “a black chapter in our history.”
Amsterdam Mayor Femke Halsema said that during the German occupation, the city did not sufficiently protect the Jewish population from persecution.
At the beginning of the occupation in May 1940, she said, there were about 140,000 Jews living in the Netherlands, 80,000 of them in Amsterdam. Only 15 000 survived, she said.
“The names now carved in stone, these walls, stand like a fortress between us and oblivion,” Halsema said.
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The city issued an emergency decree on Friday, ahead of the official opening out of concern about potential protests.
“I'm glad it's finally here,” Auschwitz Committee chairman Jacques Grishaver said. “This monument gives the victims back their names 76 years after the end of the war and proves that they lived.”
The monument, funded mainly through donations, is located near the near the Jewish Quarter in Amsterdam's city centre.
It consists of brick walls, which visitors can walk around, representing four Hebrew letters meaning “in memory of.” At the top of the walls are steel surfaces that reflect stones, trees and the sky.


Each brick bears the name of a victim, the date they were born and the age at which they died.
Some 70 to 80 per cent of the families listed by name were killed by the Nazis.
The monument is important for the Jewish community, Grishaver said, as a place of remembrance and also education.
However, local residents took to the courts to try and prevent the construction, fearful of an onslaught of visitors and complaining of its size.
The Netherlands' highest court permitted the building to go ahead in late 2019, though Grishaver noted that this came too late for many survivors.


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King Willem-Alexander places a stone in an act of remembrance when unveiling a new monument in the heart of Amsterdam’s Jewish Quarter on Sunday. Photo: AP

epa09476450 The Holocaust Memorial of Names in Amsterdam after the unveiling in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 19 September 2021. This site contains the names, dates of birth and ages at death of more than 102,000 Dutch victims of the Holocaust, including Jews, Sinti and Roma. EPA-EFE/Olaf Kraak

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It is the first memorial to name all 102,000 Dutch Jews, Sinti and Roma who were murdered by the Nazis during World War II
Amsterdam Mayor Femke Halsema said that during the German occupation, the city did not sufficiently protect the Jewish population from persecution


King Willem-Alexander unveiled the monument that was created by the Dutch Auschwitz Committee and designed by architect Daniel Liebeskind.


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Mark Rutte