British LGBTQ veterans were subjected to conversion therapy and witch hunts, report says
- A government-commissioned review details ‘culture of homophobia’ that pervaded the British military for decades, urges PM Rishi Sunak to apologise
- The study, which recommend compensating those affected, adds to the litany of evidence in recent months of discrimination within UK groups, businesses
The study – slated for publication in the first half of June and seen by Bloomberg – details accounts of electric-shock conversion therapy, intrusive medical examinations and witch-hunts of anyone suspected of being gay in the military during more than three decades through to 2000, when a ban on gay personnel serving in the military was lifted.
The report includes evidence of bullying, blackmail and sexual assaults as well as detailing the significant toll on the mental health of veterans that in some cases led to homelessness and suicide.
One of its core recommendations is for Sunak to make a public apology in Parliament for the historic policy, according to people familiar with the matter who said the premier’s office has received the submission.
A spokesperson for the government said it would “carefully consider the findings and respond in due course”. They did not say whether the prime minister would accept the recommendation.
It is not unusual for recent prime ministers to apologise for the policies of past administrations. Conservative premier David Cameron issued several apologies, including for the Bloody Sunday massacre during the “Irish Troubles” when soldiers shot and killed unarmed civilians.
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The report recommended that those affected by the discriminatory policies be compensated for loss of earnings and the distress caused, as well as an examination of their pension rights.
Many of them lost their pension entitlements after being dismissed or discharged for being gay. The people said the total compensation bill could be capped at about £50 million (US$62 million).
The study adds to the litany of evidence in recent months of discrimination within British institutions and businesses.
In March, an investigation found that London’s Metropolitan Police is a breeding ground for racism, sexism and homophobia and has allowed predatory behaviour by officers to flourish.
Meanwhile, Black professionals have told Bloomberg that the City of London has lost its way on the path to racial equality.
‘Incomprehensible policy’
Terence Etherton, the crossbench member of the House of Lords who led the probe, describes it in a preface as “a unique record of what, to the modern eye, is an incomprehensible policy of homophobic bigotry in our armed forces”.
The UK government has said it accepts that the historic policy was wrong and committed to understand, acknowledge and where appropriate address the effect it has had on LGBTQ veterans.
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“We are proud of our LGBT+ veterans and grateful for their service in defence of our nation,” a government spokesperson said.
Etherton’s recommendations also include that the heads of the Army, Navy and Royal Air Force should send individual letters of apology to LGBTQ veterans who served under and suffered from the ban, as well as restoring the commission and rank of the individuals who were dismissed or discharged.
Military medals should also be restored, and the wearing of uniforms formally reinstated, he said.
The government should also pay for a public memorial for LGBTQ veterans who served and continue to serve in the military, he said.
It is not known how many people were impacted by the ban, because the Ministry of Defence failed to keep records of those dismissed or discharged for being gay.
It is estimated to be in the thousands, and 1,128 people who were impacted, including family members and veterans who witnessed the abuse, submitted evidence. Some were as young as 15 years old when they joined the military.
“Promotion and enforcement of the policy by the Ministry of Defence and by many in the senior ranks of the armed forces set the ethos for other serving personnel in all ranks,” Etherton wrote in the report.
It is a “stain on the illustrious history of the UK’s armed forces”, he said.