Biden leaves Tuesday night on his first visit to the Middle East as president, with stops in Israel, the occupied West Bank and Saudi Arabia on his agenda.

Prior to his election, Biden had vowed that Saudi should be a “pariah” state following the 2018 murder of dissident journalist Jamal Khashoggi, in a recalibration of relations with the oil-producing country that is a kingpin of the OPEC oil cartel.

However, since then, key crude producer Russia had invaded Ukraine, propelling oil prices to levels last seen during the 2008 global financial crisis.

That pushed US inflation to the highest rate in more than four decades – and this could yet persuade Biden to set aside human rights concerns before key US midterm elections in November, experts say.

“It highlights his desperation ahead of the midterms to at least be seen to be trying to alleviate the tightness in the market and bring prices back down,” OANDA analyst Craig Erlam said.

“Desperate times call for desperate measures.”

Biden’s chances could be boosted by the looming expiry of a crucial deal among the wider so-called OPEC+ group to boost oil production.

OPEC+ comprises the 13-nation Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries led by Saudi Arabia and its 10 partners headed by Russia.

The group had previously slashed output in 2020, when demand was decimated by Covid-19 pandemic lockdowns worldwide.

But since last year, countries have been gradually reopening the taps as economies rebound.

Last month, OPEC+ stuck to a previously agreed output hike, shrugging off calls for bigger increases to tame elevated prices.

The deal will soon run its course once OPEC+ returns to pre-pandemic production after August.

“The expiration of the OPEC+ deal in September does create an opportunity and perhaps (Biden) would not be making such a move if he had not been assured that something is possible,” said Erlam.

The grouping will hold its next production gathering in August.

Yet Biden’s hopes for more oil could be dashed because elevated crude prices, despite recent losses, have energised state revenues and economies across the Middle East.

“It would be a massive surprise if Saudi Arabia produced more oil,” said independent analyst Stephen Innes.

Saudi Arabia’s oil-driven economy expanded by 9.6 per cent in the first quarter, its strongest growth rate in a decade.

There is a “significant economic incentive to not increase production”, said XTB analyst Walid Koudmani.

Riyadh is already pumping close to maximum capacity.

In May, Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan stated that the kingdom had “done what it could” for the oil market.

The industry needed to increase refining capacity instead of simply pumping more barrels of crude, he argued.

Iran is another major bone of contention between the United States and Saudi Arabia.

Riyadh is leading a fight against the Houthi rebels in Yemen, who are supported by Tehran.

Meanwhile, Washington wants to restore the Iran nuclear deal abandoned by Biden’s predecessor Donald Trump in 2018.

That could lead to the lifting of US economic sanctions on Iran – and pave the way for a return to the OPEC member’s full export capacity.

Chief negotiators from the US and Iran held indirect talks in Qatar in June, in a bid to revive the nuclear deal.

A nuclear deal “appeared to be within reach several times in the recent past, particularly after the start of the Russia-Ukraine conflict”, said analyst Koudmani.

“It has failed to gain any traction and would likely be passed up by the US if they were to receive assurances (of higher oil output) from Saudi Arabia after this visit from President Biden,” the expert concluded.

Agence France-Presse and Reuters