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Russian President Vladimir Putin listens during a meeting with Agriculture Minister Alexander Tkachev in Moscow, Russia, on Monday. The postponement of bond sales in Moscow is the best indication sanctions against Russia are starting to bite. Photo: Sputnik, Kremlin pool via AP

Putin pays price for US sanctions as Russian government bond sales are scrapped

Growing panic over how far America will go at blacklisting wealthy Russians and their businesses sent the rouble and bonds tumbling

The trail of destruction left by US sanctions against Russia’s most influential oligarchs spread to President Vladimir Putin’s government as surging borrowing costs forced the Finance Ministry and the biggest state bank to pull bond sales.

It’s the first debt auction Russia abandoned since cancellations in 2014 and 2015, when Putin’s annexation of Crimea soured relations with the US and European Union. 

Growing panic over how far America will go at blacklisting wealthy Russians and their businesses sent the rouble and bonds tumbling.

“It’s finally sinking in that the US Treasury actions are a major game changer in terms of how one should view Russian market risks,” said Timothy Ash, a senior emerging-market strategist at BlueBay Asset Management in London. “The US administration made it clear that no Russian oligarch can now escape.”

Oleg Deripaska, billionaire and chief executive officer of United Co Rusal (left, with and Andrey Kostin, chief executive officer of VTB Group) is seen in Davos in January 2015. United Co Rusal – the biggest aluminium maker outside China – and seven other Deripaska-linked firms were the most prominent targets in a list of 12 Russian companies the US hit with sanctions to subvert Western democracies. Photo: Bloomberg  

The latest sanctions are notably worse than earlier ones because they specifically bar any trading of securities of targeted companies rather than just blocking their access to new international fundraising. 

Among those named were billionaire Oleg Deripaska, who owns aluminium giant United Co Rusal – which lost half of its market value in Hong Kong on Monday alone.

Global companies are rushing to distance themselves from the blacklisted oligarch. 

Glencore, the world’s largest commodities trader, said Tuesday that it was scrapping a plan to swap its stake in Rusal for shares in another one of Deripaska’s companies, London-listed En+ Group. Its chief executive officer, Ivan Glasenberg, also resigned from Rusal’s board.

The impact of Friday’s sanctions reverberated through commodities markets. Aluminium extended its biggest two-day gain in more than six years on concern production from Rusal will be prevented from reaching global markets.

US President Donald Trump’s threat to respond “forcefully” to a chemical weapons attack in Syria over the weekend added fuel to the fire because he has suggested that Putin may have had a hand in the incident. The White House said Tuesday that Trump was contemplating a military response.

The rouble depreciated 4.3 per cent to 63.275 versus the dollar, taking its decline this week to 8.1 per cent. Russian stocks rose 3.9 per cent, partly reversing an 8.3 per cent slide on Monday, mostly because other non-sanctioned exporters benefit from the weaker currency since their earnings are in dollars and costs are in roubles.

“My sense, is that economically at least, Russia is outgunned and they will seek to save face and not exacerbate the situation,” said Julian Rimmer, a London-based emerging-markets trader at Investec Bank. “My advice to clients, therefore, is to buy shares into this weakness, especially Sberbank, and hold onto your shapka.”

Russia’s economic retaliation options are limited. If it were to take aim at US companies, that would hurt its access to technology and investment at a time when Putin is trying to attract it, Alexei Kudrin, a former Russian finance minister, told reporters in Moscow on Tuesday.

Russian President Vladimir Putin listens to Mikhail Kovalchuk as he visits the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, the home of the Soviet nuclear weapons programme and later Soviet and Russian non-military nuclear technologies in Moscow, in April. Photo: Sputnik, Kremlin Pool via AP

What Russia can afford to do is contain the damage – it has US$458 billion of international reserves, the most since 2014. The central bank said Tuesday that it won’t hesitate to sell dollars if needed. 

Policymakers, who’ve cut borrowing costs for months, can also use interest rates to offset any increase in inflation, Governor Elvira Nabiullina said at a conference in Moscow.

When the rouble went into free-fall in December 2014, she did just that – hoisting the key rate by 650 basis points overnight in a move that eventually calmed market panic.

The turmoil comes less than two months after S&P Global Ratings reinstated Russia’s investment-grade standing, prompting huge inflows. 

But the tables turned against Russia quickly in recent weeks since the UK accused the country of poisoning an ex-spy on British soil. Britain and allies including the US have expelled more than 150 Russian diplomats.

Russia's B&N Bank headquarters are seen in central Moscow, Russia, in September 2017. Bond sales in Moscow were suspended as US sanctions began to bite. Photo: Reuters

It took the sanctions to really rattle investor confidence, though. Yields on government rouble-denominated debt due in January 2028 surged 27 basis points to 7.59 per cent on Tuesday. 

In addition to the cancelled Finance Ministry auction, Sberbank postponed a local bond sale because of the “negative market dynamic.”

The penalties have “introduced an enormous amount of unpredictability from the US authorities as to the future trajectory of the sanctions, whom they’re going to target and the nature of the sanctions that they’re going to use,” said Paul Greer, a London-based money manager at Fidelity International, which reduced its holdings in Russian bonds in early March.

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