“The whole country is in mourning with those who lost their loved ones in this inhumane tragedy,” public television channel Russia 24 said on Sunday morning.

Putin, in his first public remarks on the attack, made no reference to a statement by IS claiming responsibility.

On Sunday Russian authorities put the number of dead in the mass shooting at 137 people, including three children, up from an earlier estimate of 133.

Mourners hung flowers on fences and piled them on the ground a short distance from the concert hall where gunmen opened fire on a crowd and set off explosives that started a huge fire. Amid the grief, firefighters pulled bodies from the rubble and worked to put out the flames.

Videos shared on social media on Saturday showed candles and flowers being laid in memory of the dead and wounded at monuments across Russia and at Russian embassies abroad.

The attack happened just days after Putin cemented his grip on power by securing a record-breaking fifth term after harshly suppressing opposition voices during a highly choreographed election. The attack was the deadliest in Russia in years and left the concert hall a ruin.

The assault shattered nerves in Moscow and recalled memories of similar attacks that happened in the early years of Putin’s presidency. Although Islamic State claimed responsibility, Putin pointed the finger of blame at Ukraine, where Russia is waging a war that has dragged into its third year. He cited no evidence for his claims.

As the death toll climbed and Putin ordered stepped-up security measures across the country, some Russians had questions.

“There are cameras everywhere that can trace opposition people going to a rally, and they are also stopped in the metro. But basic security did not work in a public event,” said Ekaterina in Moscow, referring to the crackdown ahead of the election.

She, like several other Russians interviewed, declined to give her surname because of security concerns.

“Does it mean that cameras are targeted on people who carry a book … but you can carry a bomb or a Kalashnikov, and that will be OK?” she asked referring to social media footage that showed the assailants in the concert hall with automatic weapons.

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Russian state television focused on condolences from foreign leaders and the outpouring of grief across Russia. It shared images of the suspects and pictured officials visiting hospitals and directing the clean-up operation.

“I woke up this morning and decided I definitely have to come here,” a man named Mikhail said near the concert hall. “There is no word for such scum … what they did is a terrible thing.”

“I couldn’t stop crying,” said Elvira, adding that she woke on Saturday and was “so depressed” by the rapidly increasing death toll.

Russian news agencies showed people lining up to donate blood. They said more than 3,000 people had already donated for victims of the attack.

Despite blanket coverage, state television lacked key information on the attack, which sent some pro-Western Russians looking elsewhere for details.

“It’s ridiculous because it happened in my city, and I was asking friends who live abroad,” Ekaterina said.

Russia is no stranger to mass attacks with high death tolls.

During the early 2000s and 2010s, a series of suicide bombings and attacks unfolded across Moscow, including the 2002 Nord Ost theatre siege, where 132 hostages and 40 Chechen hostage takers died after a mishandled Russian rescue response.

Moscow concert hall attack: 11 suspects detained as death toll climbs to 133

Most of the attacks were carried out by Islamist separatists from the North Caucasus, but in recent years, they have largely stopped. The relative absence of such violence has lulled Russians into a sense of security, even while the country’s army fights in Ukraine.

“I am afraid that we may return to the times of the Chechen wars,” Mikhail Batsyn in central Moscow said, referring to apartment bombings that happened at that time. “I would really want for that to not happen and for this act of terror to remain a rare event.”

The fact that authorities were not able to stop the gunmen from rampaging through the concert hall, which reportedly had security measures in place, spooked many Russians.

On a social media chat group for a neighbourhood south of the concert hall and shopping centre, Russians discussed what precautions they would be taking in the coming days. Several suggested they would temporarily stop visiting shopping centres and busy places.

“I don’t want to go anywhere with a lot of people any more,” Ekaterina said, adding that she had cancelled plans to go to the theatre on Saturday.

Putin called the attack “a bloody, barbaric terrorist act” and urged “our comrades at the front and all citizens in the country” to come together in its aftermath.

In a nationwide address, he alleged that Ukrainian authorities tried to create a “window” for the suspects to escape across the border.

“Some of my friends believe in the idea of Ukrainian interference, but I can’t imagine that it could be the truth,” said Elvira and several other Russians. Instead, they questioned why the attack had not been thwarted by Russian security services.

“Why is it that they say that there were warnings from foreign security services, but our services were completely indifferent?” asked a woman in Moscow named Olga, referring to reports that Western governments had warned Russian officials that an attack was being planned. “How can this happen in 2024?”

Additional reporting by Agence France-Presse, Reuters