Star Trek-inspired ‘ion drive’ plane with no moving parts makes historic first flight
- The plane has no propeller or turbines and is instead powered by supercharged air molecules
- The silent aircraft, built by researchers at MIT, flew only 55 metres but could herald a revolution in flight technology
.png?itok=arIb17P0)
The blue glowing jets of science-fiction spacecraft came a step closer to reality on Wednesday as US physicists unveiled the world’s first solid-state aeroplane with no moving parts, powered in flight by supercharged air molecules.
More than a century on from the Wright brothers’ first artificial flight, scientists hailed the “historic” test of the new “ion drive” technology, which could eventually slash greenhouse-gas emissions from aviation.
Ever since Orville and Wilbur Wright’s momentous flight in the winter of 1903, aircraft have been driven by propellers or jets that must burn fuel to create the thrust and lift needed for sustained flight.
A team of experts from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology managed to unlock a process known as electroaerodynamics, previously never seen as a plausible way to power an aircraft.
They were able to fly the new plane, with a wingspan of five metres (16 feet), a distance of 55 metres (181 feet) at a speed of 17km/h (10.6 miles/h).
China’s new jet engine suddenly takes air combat in a whole new direction
That’s hardly supersonic, but the implications of this unprecedented mode of flight could be stratospheric.
“The future of flight shouldn’t be things like propellers and turbines,” said Steven Barrett, who designed the prototype.
Barrett, 35, said he was inspired as a child by watching Star Trek television episodes and movies, where he was struck by the shuttles that flew with no moving parts in their propulsion systems.
“It should be more like what you see in Star Trek with a kind of blue glow and something that silently glides through the air.”
At first glance, the plane itself doesn’t look light years away from other renewable aircraft, such as the Solar Impact II craft that in 2015-16 used energy from the sun to fly around the world.
Unlike Solar Impact, Barrett’s plane doesn’t have any propellers or solar panels – or any movable parts whatsoever. It is a “solid state” aircraft, Barrett said.
Instead of engines, it is powered by a system comprising two main sections.
The future of flight shouldn’t be things like propellers and turbines
At the front of the plane sit a series of parallel electrodes made up of lightweight wires that produce an enormous charge of +20,000 volts, supercharging the air around it and splitting away negatively charged nitrogen ions.
At the plane’s rear are rows of aerofoils set to -20,000 volts. The ions automatically move from a positive to negative charge, dragging with them air particles that create the so-called “ionic wind” to provide the aircraft with lift.
The technology to create ionic wind has been around since the 1960s, but it was previously thought nowhere near efficient enough to prove useful to aeronautics.
How Chinese hypersonic missile advances are inspiring the US to dust off ‘Star Wars’
The team not only showed that it was possible for ion-driven craft to fly but also – due to the relative lack of drag created by the electrodes – predicted that efficiency would increase in lockstep with speed, potentially opening the way for bigger, faster planes in future.
“It’s clearly very early days: but the team at MIT have done something we never previously knew was possible, in using accelerated ionised gas to propel an aircraft,” said Guy Gratton, aerospace engineer and visiting professor at Cranfield University, who was not involved in the study.
Barrett said he believed the current prototype could be scaled up “a significant amount” but cautioned that their may be a limit to how much propulsion the technique can produce.
“We don’t yet know if there is such a limit and we will certainly try to scale up as much as possible,” he said.
“I don’t yet know if you’ll see our vehicle carrying people any time soon but obviously I’d be very excited if that was the case.”
He said the technology could be used on the skin of commercial aircraft, reducing drag and therefore the energy needed to power modern passenger jets.
“This would be much more efficient than the current situation where you have concentrated engines that generate thrust, which have to fight against a large passive airframe that generates drag,” he said.
In an editorial, the journal Nature, which published the study, said its success would encourage other sectors to re-visit technology that was long thought to be confined to sci-fi films.
It listed possible military applications including the development of silent drones and aircraft, and engines with no infrared signal and thus impossible to detect.
The prototype flight “will stimulate both awe and anxiety,” it said.
A 115 years ago, Nature published a short news item on the Wright brothers’ “first successful achievement of artificial flight”.
Barrett and the team noted a pleasing parallel with their revolutionary test and the one that sparked the aerial age: both flights lasted all of 12 seconds.
