Revealed: US Army’s urgent plan to secure rare earths for weapons

The US Army plans to fund construction of rare earths processing facilities, part of an urgent push by Washington to secure domestic supply of the minerals used to make military weapons and electronics, according to a government document seen by Reuters. The move would mark the first financial investment by the US military into commercial-scale rare earths production since World War II’s Manhattan Project built the first atomic bomb. It comes after US President Donald Trump earlier this year ordered the military to update its supply chain for the niche materials, warning that reliance on other nations for the strategic minerals could hamper US defences. China, which refines most of the world’s rare earths, has threatened to stop exporting the specialised minerals to the United States, using its monopoly as a cudgel in the ongoing trade war between the world’s two largest economies. “The US rare earths industry needs big help to compete against the Chinese,” said Jim McKenzie, chief executive officer of UCore Rare Metals Inc, which is developing a rare earths project in Alaska. “It’s not just about the money, but also the optics of broad support from Washington.” Pentagon eyes rare earth supplies in Africa in push away from China The US Army division overseeing munitions last month asked miners for proposals on the cost of a pilot plant to produce so-called heavy rare earths, a less-common type of the specialised minerals that are highly sought after for use in weaponry, according to the document. Responses are due by December 16. UCore, Texas Mineral Resources Corp and a joint venture between Lynas Corp and privately-held Blue Line Corp were among the expected respondents, according to company officials and sources familiar with the matter. The US Army said it would fund up to two-thirds of a refiner’s cost and that it would fund at least one project and potentially more. Applicants must provide a detailed business plan and specify where they will source their ore, among other factors. This latest move by the US Army, a division of the Pentagon, comes after a military study earlier this year on the state of the US rare earths supply chain. The rare earths tension between the US and China goes back to at least 2010, when China limited exports to Japan after a diplomatic dispute, sending prices for the niche metals spiking and fuelling concerns across the US military that China could do the same to the United States. Explainer: Can the US take back some control of rare earths from China? The US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Centre and the US Army headquarters did not respond to requests for comment. The request does not give a specific financial amount the US Army could fund, though it is derived in part from the Defence Production Act (DPA), a 1950s-era US law that gives the Pentagon wide financial latitude to procure equipment necessary for the national defence. A rare earth processing pilot plant could cost between US$5 million and US$20 million, depending on location, size and other factors, with a full-scale plant potentially costing more than US$100 million to build, industry executives said. “It’s great to see interest in financially supporting the industry from the Department of Defence,” said Jon Blumenthal, CEO of Blue Line Corp, which earlier this year signed a memorandum of understanding to build a rare earth processing facility in Texas with Australia-based Lynas Corp. Blumenthal declined to comment when asked if Blue Line would respond to the US Army’s request. Lynas declined to comment. It is not clear how the US Army would rank the responses given that much of the rare earths industry expertise is now located in China, though the modern rare earths industry itself had its genesis in the United States decades ago. Explainer: Used from iPhones to guided missiles, does China’s dominance in rare earths hold potential leverage in trade war? “Instead of providing funds for yet another study, this allocates money toward establishing a US-based rare earth supply chain,” said Anthony Marchese, CEO of Texas Mineral Resources, which is developing the Round Top mine in Texas with USA Rare Earth. After processing, however, rare earths need to be turned into rare earth magnets, found in precision-guided missiles, smart bombs and military jets and China controls the rare earths magnet industry, too. The Pentagon has not yet launched an effort to finance domestic magnet manufacturing. “Closing the magnet gap would do more to address the nation’s defence needs, and as well the needs of electric vehicle makers and others,” said Ryan Castilloux, managing director with Adamas Intelligence, a research firm that closely tracks the rare earths industry.

Revealed: US Army’s urgent plan to secure rare earths for weapons

.css-1mniedq{color:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-family:inherit;line-height:inherit;} China, which refines most of the world’s rare earths, has threatened to stop exporting the specialised minerals to the United States

China, which refines most of the world’s rare earths, has threatened to stop exporting the specialised minerals to the United States