IMF says coronavirus ‘Great Lockdown’ recession would be steepest in a century
- The International Monetary Fund said the global economy is expected to shrink by 3.0% in 2020, the steepest downturn since the Great Depression
- The world is likely to lose a cumulative US$9 trillion in output over two years – greater than the combined GDP of Germany and Japan
The IMF, in its 2020 World Economic Outlook, predicted a partial rebound in 2021, with the world economy growing at a 5.8 per cent rate, but said its forecasts were marked by “extreme uncertainty” and that outcomes could be far worse, depending on the course of the pandemic.
“This recovery in 2021 is only partial as the level of economic activity is projected to remain below the level we had projected for 2021, before the virus hit,” IMF chief economist Gita Gopinath said in a statement.
Under the Fund’s best-case scenario, the world is likely to lose a cumulative US$9 trillion in output over two years – greater than the combined GDP of Germany and Japan, she added.
A longer pandemic that lasts through the third quarter could cause a further 3 per cent contraction in 2020 and a slower recovery in 2021, due to the “scarring” effects of bankruptcies and prolonged unemployment. A second outbreak in 2021 that forces more shutdowns could cause a reduction of 5 to 8 percentage points in the global gross domestic product baseline forecast for next year, keeping the world in recession for a second straight year.
“It is very likely that this year the global economy will experience its worst recession since the Great Depression, surpassing that seen during the global financial crisis a decade ago,” the IMF said in its report. “The Great Lockdown, as one might call it, is projected to shrink global growth dramatically.”
The new forecasts provide a sombre backdrop to the IMF and World Bank spring meetings, which are being held by videoconference this week to avoid contributing to the spread of the virus. The meetings normally draw 10,000 people to a crowded two-block area of downtown Washington.
IMF Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva said last week that some US$8 trillion in fiscal stimulus being poured in by governments to stave off collapse was not likely to be enough. She is expected to argue this week for more debt relief for the poorest countries.
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The global economy contracted 0.7 per cent in 2009 – previously the worst downturn since the 1930s – according to IMF data. In January, before the extent of the coronavirus outbreak both inside and outside China was known, the IMF had predicted that the global economy would grow 3.3 per cent in 2020 as US-China trade tensions were starting to ease, with 3.4 per cent growth seen for 2021.
Advanced economies now suffering the worst outbreaks of the virus will bear the brunt of the plunge in activity. The US economy will contract 5.9 per cent in 2020, with a rebound to 4.7 per cent growth in 2021 under the Fund’s best-case scenario.
Euro zone economies will contract by 7.5 per cent in 2020, with hard-hit Italy seeing its GDP fall 9.1 per cent and contractions of 8.0 per cent in Spain, 7.0 per cent in Germany and 7.2 per cent in France, the Fund said. It predicted euro-area economies as a whole would match US growth of 4.7 per cent in 2021.
China, where the coronavirus outbreak peaked in the first quarter and business activity is resuming with the help of large fiscal and monetary stimulus, will maintain positive growth of 1.2 per cent in 2020, a reduction from 6 per cent growth in the IMF’s January forecast. China’s economy is forecast to grow 9.2 per cent in 2021, the IMF said.
India’s 2020 fiscal-year growth also is expected to stay in positive territory, but Latin American economies, which are still experiencing growing coronavirus outbreaks, will see a contraction of 5.2 per cent.
The Fund called for central bank liquidity swap lines to be extended to more emerging market countries, which face a double problem of locked-down activity and tightening financial conditions caused by a massive outflow of funds to save-haven assets such as US Treasuries.
It said some countries may need to turn to temporary limits on capital outflows.
