TikTok is just a bogeyman for America’s sorry lack of digital governance
- Two US administrations have tried to ban TikTok over Chinese security concerns with little success. Why not address instead the real and urgent issues of social media harm and data protection?
It is not even really about TikTok, popular though the short-video app is. The debate is merely a reflection of broader concerns about tech governance in the United States.
After Trump’s TikTok executive order, the US Secretary of Commerce specified the prohibited transactions, including maintaining TikTok on an app store and providing it with internet hosting services.
The move to ban TikTok was opposed by not just ByteDance but also many Americans who relied on TikTok to learn and earn. Lawsuits followed. At the heart of these were not so much whether TikTok posed a security threat as whether Trump had overstepped his authority.
US piecemeal approach to data security leaves Americans vulnerable
One other perspective remains from Trump’s targeting of TikTok, which is related to the national emergency declared over foreign threats to the US supply chain. Trump’s 2019 executive order led to the Commerce Department’s drawing up of supply chain rules and gave it some oversight over tech transactions that involve foreign entities where risks to national security are perceived.
In 2021, Biden’s administration elaborated upon this with an executive order on “protecting Americans’ sensitive data from foreign adversaries”, which have been defined to include China.
Yet again, such developments lead back to questions over whether the current US policy framework is capable of addressing the real issues at hand. Let’s consider a hypothetical America where TikTok is fully banned.
US TikTok hysteria pushes key questions about the app to the margins
Many of TikTok’s investors, which include US multinationals, have been silent. Does this suggest concerns about TikTok’s threat to national security and the supply chain or, in my opinion, the likelier prospect that they are focused on financial gains post-divestment?
For the US government, a more pragmatic approach would be to update its legal and regulatory frameworks covering privacy, antitrust issues and transparency so as to safeguard digital platforms including TikTok as well as user rights. But this is complex terrain, given the US socioeconomic and political landscape. Especially in an election year, politicians would be concerned about accusations of impinging on the freedom of speech or losing political contributions from large corporations.
Like it or not, digital platforms with their algorithmic black boxes have emerged as a new mass medium. Regulators and politicians worldwide must confront the challenge of responsibly managing the information flow to win the hearts and minds of all stakeholders.
Dong Ting is a resident research fellow at the Centre for International Security and Strategy, Tsinghua University