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US-China relations
Opinion
SCMP Editorial

Editorial | Price of renewed US-China trade tensions could be loss of trust

Tariffs may not rise as high as before, but the real damage is that Beijing will find it harder to put faith in what Washington promises

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An employee works on a production line for tubular products for export at a factory in Lianyungang, Jiangsu province, on July 8. Photo: AFP
On paper at least, the latest escalation of tensions between the United States and China can be compared with the outbreak of US President Donald Trump’s tariff war in April. Then US tariffs on Chinese goods reached 145 per cent before being scaled back. Now Trump is threatening a 100 per cent tariff on China on top of existing levies in another round of tit-for-tat measures, triggered by fresh US tech restrictions. But this time it is a pressure tactic aimed at China rather than the shock and awe of Trump’s global use of a blunt trade weapon. Many believe either it will not happen or will not last.

However, it comes at a price that could weigh heavily on relations between the world’s two biggest economies – a loss of trust.

Since April, the two sides have engaged in talks on a trade deal under a consultation mechanism including a consensus to avoid escalation of tensions in the meantime. China now feels the US side is reneging on the promise, citing reimposed US restrictions – followed by what China has framed as a legitimate regulatory tightening of rare earth and critical minerals exports – and a 100 per cent US tariff threat. The real damage is that Beijing will see Washington as less dependable and find it harder to put faith in what it promises.
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Trump’s flip-flops and usual tactics do not work with China. Beijing’s stance remains the same – any negotiation must be based on equal respect and mutual trust. The shock and awe of Trump’s global tariff war had the desired effect on many trading partners but not China. The initial impact diminishes with each new threat if it is not backed up with action.

The reality is that China was prepared for a worst-case scenario even in April, so it is not clear what Trump hopes to achieve with a new round of tariff threats now. Nor is it clear that top US officials are united in their views on how to deal with China. That reflects surprise over how far Beijing appears prepared to go over the rare earths issue.

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Hopes that China will drop export controls on rare earths in exchange for access to the US market may overestimate its importance to China’s exports. Rare earths and critical minerals remain the most important card for Beijing to play, particularly when the US shows no signs of easing tech export controls. China is unlikely to give ground very easily.

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