bodyType

customContents

entityId

printArticlePageQuery

filter

article

body

urlAlias

articleSectionsContent

articleSeoArticle

articleSourceHeaderArticle

contentSchemaRenderContent

contentSubHeadlineContent

contentHeadlineContent

mainImagePrintArticleArticle

authorBlockPrintArticleArticle

contentSponsorTagContent

articlePianoPaywallContent

scmpYoutubeContent

hooksTrackPageViewArticle

query printArticlePageQuery(
  $entityId: String!
  $customContents: [CustomContentInput]
  $bodyType: BodyFormatTypeEnum
) {
  article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {
    entityId
    body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {
      json
    }
    urlAlias
    ...articleSectionsContent
    ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4
    ...articleSourceHeaderArticle
    ...contentSchemaRenderContent
    ...contentSubHeadlineContent
    ...contentHeadlineContent
    ...mainImagePrintArticleArticle
    ...authorBlockPrintArticleArticle
    ...contentSponsorTagContent
    ...articlePianoPaywallContent
    ...scmpYoutubeContent
    ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle
    id
  }
}

fragment articlePianoPaywallContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent
}

fragment articleSectionsContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  sections {
    value {
      ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection
      ...entityLink
      name
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {
  ...hooksArticleSeoArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
  ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle
  entityId
  publishedDate
  updatedDate
  summary {
    text
  }
  subHeadline {
    text
  }
  body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {
    text
  }
  keywords
  sections {
    value {
      name
      id
    }
  }
  topics {
    name
    entityId
    id
  }
  urlAlias
  authors {
    name
    id
  }
  images {
    style(filter: {style: "768x768"}) {
      url
    }
  }
  readingTime
}

fragment articleSourceHeaderArticle on Article {
  urlAlias
  ...entityLink
}

fragment authorBlockPrintArticleArticle on Article {
  ...defaultArticleDateContent
  ...authorNamesArticle
}

fragment authorNameAuthor on Author {
  ...entityLink
  name
  entityUuid
}

fragment authorNamesArticle on Article {
  authorLocations
  authors {
    entityId
    location
    ...authorNameAuthor
    id
  }
}

fragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...contentShareWidgetContent
}

fragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  headline
  socialHeadline
  ...contentHeadlineTagContent
  ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent
}

fragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent
}

fragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    relatedNewsletters {
      ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
      id
    }
    id
  }
  sections {
    value {
      relatedNewsletters {
        ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
        id
      }
      id
    }
  }
  ... on Article {
    relatedNewsletters {
      ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...blockquoteQuoteContent
  ...imageContent
  ...inlineWidgetContent
  ...photoGalleryWidgetContent
  ...scmpYoutubeContent
}

fragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  urlAlias
  shortUrl
  socialHeadline
  headline
}

fragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent
}

fragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  subHeadline {
    json
  }
  summary {
    json
  }
  ...contentSchemaRenderContent
}

fragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent
}

fragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {
  __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename
  __typename
  entityId
  entityUuid
  urlAlias
  urlRedirect {
    toUrl
    id
  }
  application {
    entityId
    id
  }
  ... on Section {
    fullSectionPath {
      entityId
      id
    }
    parentSection
  }
  ...helpersAppBarVariantBase
  ...helpersApplicationBase
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle
  ...helpersStyleSectionContent
}

fragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {
  __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename
  ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage
  ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle
  ...helpersSectionContent
  ...helpersStyleSectionContent
}

fragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {
  __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage
}

fragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {
  name
}

fragment helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle on Article {
  entityId
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  disableOffPlatformContent
  sponsorType
  published
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
}

fragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {
  flattenTypeIds
  liveArticle {
    status
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ... on Article {
    paywallTypes {
      entityUuid
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {
  urlAlias
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {
  urlAlias
}

fragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ... on Article {
    types {
      value {
        entityId
        id
      }
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {
  entityId
  name
  alternativeName
  description {
    text
  }
  summary {
    text
  }
  homepageDescription {
    text
  }
}

fragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {
  authors {
    types
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {
  authors {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersSectionContent on Section {
  fullSectionPath {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {
  fullSectionPath {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    sponsor {
      ...sponsorTagSponsor
      name
      type
      id
    }
    id
  }
  ... on Article {
    sponsorType
  }
  ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent
}

fragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  createdDate
  publishedDate
  updatedDate
}

fragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle
  ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent
  ...helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle
  entityId
  headline
  socialHeadline
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  authors {
    entityId
    id
  }
  images {
    generic_og: style(filter: {style: "og_image_scmp_generic"}) {
      url
    }
    styles(filter: {styles: ["og_image_posties_article", "og_postmag", "og_image_style", "og_image_scmp_analysis", "og_image_scmp_explainer", "og_image_scmp_editorial", "og_image_scmp_fact_check", "og_image_scmp_debate", "og_image_scmp_live", "og_image_scmp_obituary", "og_image_scmp_opinion", "og_image_scmp_review", "og_image_scmp_series", "og_image_scmp_generic"]}) {
      url
      style
    }
    type
  }
  urlAlias
}

fragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  __typename
  ... on Article {
    types {
      value {
        name
        entityId
        description {
          text
        }
        id
      }
    }
    ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle
  }
  flag
  sections {
    value {
      name
      id
    }
  }
  ...hooksContentHelperContent
}

fragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle
  ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle
  ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle
  flag
}

fragment hooksPaywallPromiseContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
}

fragment hooksTrackPageViewArticle on Article {
  entityId
  publishedDate
  headline
  sections {
    value {
      name
      id
    }
  }
  urlAlias
  authors {
    name
    id
  }
  entityUuid
}

fragment imageContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  headline
  ...checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent
}

fragment inlineWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent
}

fragment mainImagePrintArticleArticle on Article {
  images {
    title
    url
    isSlideshow
    size_652x446: style(filter: {style: "652x446"}) {
      url
    }
  }
}

fragment photoGalleryDialogContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  __typename
  ...contentShareWidgetContent
}

fragment photoGalleryWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...photoGalleryDialogContent
}

fragment scmpYoutubeContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  urlAlias
  publishedDate
}

fragment sponsorTagSponsor on Sponsor {
  name
  type
  images {
    url
  }
}


sections

types

disableOffPlatformContent

sponsorType

published

headline

socialHeadline

authors

images

publishedDate

updatedDate

summary

subHeadline

keywords

topics

readingTime

authorLocations

entityUuid

Margaux Day

Yaqian (Zelda) Liang

On June 1, Beijing issued green finance guidelines for Chinese financial institutions. Notably, Chinese banks and insurers are asked, for the first time, to establish grievance mechanisms to manage clients’ environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) risks.
This comes amid a global backlash against ESG investors, who are under fire for making hollow commitments amid increased regulatory and public pressure.
Increasingly, investors are adopting grievance mechanisms to help them understand the impact and prevent harm, as a response to the pressure to show ESG integrity, and because certain industry standards now require them.
The green finance guidelines issued by the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission (CBIRC) are the latest to require grievance mechanisms that offer a channel for communities to be heard, and for investors to effectively address risks.
Most international development finance institutions have such mechanisms in place; 113 financial institutions receiving money from the Green Climate Fund are required to have them, and multiple impact management and measurement standards herald the importance of these mechanisms.

Recently, ANZ became the first commercial bank to set up a grievance mechanism for communities, after long and costly disputes arising from a project it financed in Cambodia.
While Chinese financial institutions do not have such mechanisms in place yet, the guidelines promise to put China ahead of the field in that no other state requires all its financial institutions, even those engaged in impact investment, to have grievance processes.
Grievance mechanisms are increasingly seen as a way to address unintentional environmental and social harm resulting from investments labelled as “green.” Of the more than 1,600 complaints filed through grievance mechanisms of development finance institutions, 506 alleged some type of environmental harm, and 53 claimed harm from investments specifically aimed at environmental protection.
We know from our work supporting communities seeking justice for harm caused by international finance, and advising development financiers and impact investors on how to better adhere to their ESG obligations, that green finance doesn’t always achieve its intended impact, and indeed can further harm the climate and environment.
What is green finance, and why is it important to China?
In part that is because too few green investors hear from and are accountable to local communities, the people who are best placed to know if an investment is off-track.
We see examples in all regions and across all types of investment: a hydropower investment in Nepal is displacing local communities, a conservation project in Myanmar risks displacing indigenous people and increasing the likelihood of illegal logging, and a biofuel investment in Liberia that led to deforestation.
Because those investors did not properly consult and respect the rights of local communities, they risked the success of their projects. However, in all those cases, investors had grievance redress mechanisms in place that provided opportunities for local communities to raise environmental and social issues and have the corresponding harm addressed.
To date, Chinese institutions have seen the increasing cost of not having adequate governance tools to engage communities to address their grievances. By the time decision-makers recognise local dissent, costs and reputational damage have occurred, leading to diminished financial returns and stranded assets.


The newly announced CBIRC green finance guidelines address this gap. If banks were to implement this grievance mechanism requirement in good faith, they would strengthen their risk management framework and better govern a swathe of financing that is currently unaccountable to local communities.
However, it remains unclear when and how this requirement will be implemented by each financial institution. The guidelines do not specify timelines, or whether this is considered part of the “green finance management systems and procedures” that must be established by June 2023, or how the mechanism should be designed.
Experiences from existing grievance and accountability mechanisms have shown that they can take different forms but, to be effective, they need to be in line with established international guidance, which requires grievance mechanisms to be predictable, transparent and fair. In this regard, the Chinese government has laid the groundwork.
The CBIRC and the China Banking Association have organised workshops over the past few years to discuss international experience of good practice, during which the Accountability Counsel shared the lessons from our work supporting community-led complaints, advocating for policy advancement and conducting research.
China should listen to those directly affected by belt and road projects
The Asian Development Bank, with financing from the Chinese government, published a draft grievance mechanism policy for Chinese financial institutions to adopt that reflects the principles of an effective mechanism.
Although China’s green finance guidelines are a welcome and strong endorsement of emerging grievance mechanism standards in international finance, their success still depends on Chinese bankers and insurers understanding the financial and reputational incentives for making these mechanisms meaningful.
For the new tools to work, Chinese financiers should see the requirement to establish grievance mechanisms as an opportunity to ensure their investments meet stated ESG standards and are sustainable. And they need to act fast.
As many communities continue to voice concerns over Chinese-financed and operated projects, they will soon know which are committed to “green” investments. Investors who lag behind will be exposed to even higher risk, while their competitors are equipped with better ESG tools.
Margaux Day is policy director at Accountability Counsel, where Yaqian (Zelda) Liang is a consultant


How China’s new complaints procedures can prevent ‘green’ ESG investments from harming local communities

Wind turbines rise amid sunflowers in Jingtai county, in northwest China’s Gansu province, on August 13, 2019. Photo: Xinhua

Myanmese protesters in Yangon oppose any reinstatement of a controversial Chinese-backed mega dam, on January 18, 2020, during Chinese President Xi Jinping’s visit to the capital Naypyidaw. The dam was suspended in 2011. Photo: AFP

Opinion

Comment

Business

Guidelines now require Chinese banks and insurers to set up grievance mechanisms, which will allow affected communities to speak up – and investors to better address their risks


Guidelines now require Chinese banks and insurers to set up grievance tools, which will allow affected communities to speak up – and investors to better address their risks.


The View

ESG investing

Green finance

China’s carbon neutral goal

Financial regulation

Banking & finance

Business of climate change

Climate change

Regulation

5050

Liberia

Expresses the views, ideas and conclusions of the author. (Eg. Enough of Crazy Rich Asians, think of crazy poor Hongkongers.)


Column

The View | How China’s new complaints procedures can prevent ‘green’ ESG investments from harming local communities

Guidelines now require Chinese banks and insurers to set up grievance mechanisms, which will allow affected communities to speak up – and investors to better address their risks