bodyType

customContents

entityId

printArticlePageQuery

filter

article

body

urlAlias

articleSectionsContent

articleSeoArticle

articleSourceHeaderArticle

contentSchemaRenderContent

contentSubHeadlineContent

contentHeadlineContent

mainImagePrintArticleArticle

authorBlockPrintArticleArticle

contentSponsorTagContent

articlePianoPaywallContent

scmpYoutubeContent

hooksTrackPageViewArticle

query printArticlePageQuery(
  $entityId: String!
  $customContents: [CustomContentInput]
  $bodyType: BodyFormatTypeEnum
) {
  article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {
    entityId
    body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {
      json
    }
    urlAlias
    ...articleSectionsContent
    ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4
    ...articleSourceHeaderArticle
    ...contentSchemaRenderContent
    ...contentSubHeadlineContent
    ...contentHeadlineContent
    ...mainImagePrintArticleArticle
    ...authorBlockPrintArticleArticle
    ...contentSponsorTagContent
    ...articlePianoPaywallContent
    ...scmpYoutubeContent
    ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle
    id
  }
}

fragment articlePianoPaywallContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent
}

fragment articleSectionsContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  sections {
    value {
      ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection
      ...entityLink
      name
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {
  ...hooksArticleSeoArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
  ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle
  entityId
  publishedDate
  updatedDate
  summary {
    text
  }
  subHeadline {
    text
  }
  body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {
    text
  }
  keywords
  sections {
    value {
      name
      id
    }
  }
  topics {
    name
    entityId
    id
  }
  urlAlias
  authors {
    name
    id
  }
  images {
    style(filter: {style: "768x768"}) {
      url
    }
  }
  readingTime
}

fragment articleSourceHeaderArticle on Article {
  urlAlias
  ...entityLink
}

fragment authorBlockPrintArticleArticle on Article {
  ...defaultArticleDateContent
  ...authorNamesArticle
}

fragment authorNameAuthor on Author {
  ...entityLink
  name
  entityUuid
}

fragment authorNamesArticle on Article {
  authorLocations
  authors {
    entityId
    location
    ...authorNameAuthor
    id
  }
}

fragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...contentShareWidgetContent
}

fragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  headline
  socialHeadline
  ...contentHeadlineTagContent
  ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent
}

fragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent
}

fragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    relatedNewsletters {
      ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
      id
    }
    id
  }
  sections {
    value {
      relatedNewsletters {
        ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
        id
      }
      id
    }
  }
  ... on Article {
    relatedNewsletters {
      ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...blockquoteQuoteContent
  ...hooksInlinePlusWidgetContent
  ...imageContent
  ...inlineWidgetContent
  ...photoGalleryWidgetContent
  ...scmpYoutubeContent
}

fragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  urlAlias
  shortUrl
  socialHeadline
  headline
}

fragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent
}

fragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  subHeadline {
    json
  }
  summary {
    json
  }
  ...contentSchemaRenderContent
}

fragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent
}

fragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {
  __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename
  __typename
  entityId
  entityUuid
  urlAlias
  urlRedirect {
    toUrl
    id
  }
  application {
    entityId
    id
  }
  ... on Section {
    fullSectionPath {
      entityId
      id
    }
    parentSection
  }
  ...helpersAppBarVariantBase
  ...helpersApplicationBase
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle
  ...helpersStyleSectionContent
}

fragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {
  __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename
  ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage
  ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle
  ...helpersSectionContent
  ...helpersStyleSectionContent
}

fragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {
  __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage
}

fragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {
  name
}

fragment helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle on Article {
  entityId
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  disableOffPlatformContent
  sponsorType
  published
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
}

fragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {
  flattenTypeIds
  liveArticle {
    status
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ... on Article {
    paywallTypes {
      entityUuid
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {
  urlAlias
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {
  urlAlias
}

fragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ... on Article {
    types {
      value {
        entityId
        id
      }
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {
  entityId
  name
  alternativeName
  description {
    text
  }
  summary {
    text
  }
  homepageDescription {
    text
  }
}

fragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {
  authors {
    types
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {
  authors {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersSectionContent on Section {
  fullSectionPath {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {
  fullSectionPath {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    sponsor {
      ...sponsorTagSponsor
      name
      type
      id
    }
    id
  }
  ... on Article {
    sponsorType
  }
  ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent
}

fragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  createdDate
  publishedDate
  updatedDate
}

fragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle
  ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent
  ...helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle
  entityId
  headline
  socialHeadline
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  authors {
    entityId
    id
  }
  images {
    generic_og: style(filter: {style: "og_image_scmp_generic"}) {
      url
    }
    styles(filter: {styles: ["og_image_posties_article", "og_postmag", "og_image_style", "og_image_scmp_analysis", "og_image_scmp_explainer", "og_image_scmp_editorial", "og_image_scmp_fact_check", "og_image_scmp_debate", "og_image_scmp_live", "og_image_scmp_obituary", "og_image_scmp_opinion", "og_image_scmp_review", "og_image_scmp_series", "og_image_scmp_generic"]}) {
      url
      style
    }
    type
  }
  urlAlias
}

fragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  __typename
  ... on Article {
    types {
      value {
        name
        entityId
        description {
          text
        }
        id
      }
    }
    ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle
  }
  flag
  sections {
    value {
      name
      id
    }
  }
  ...hooksContentHelperContent
}

fragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle
  ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle
  ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle
  flag
}

fragment hooksInlinePlusWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment hooksPaywallPromiseContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
}

fragment hooksTrackPageViewArticle on Article {
  entityId
  publishedDate
  headline
  sections {
    value {
      name
      id
    }
  }
  urlAlias
  authors {
    name
    id
  }
  entityUuid
}

fragment imageContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  headline
  ...checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent
}

fragment inlineWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent
}

fragment mainImagePrintArticleArticle on Article {
  images {
    title
    url
    isSlideshow
    size_652x446: style(filter: {style: "652x446"}) {
      url
    }
  }
}

fragment photoGalleryDialogContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  __typename
  ...contentShareWidgetContent
}

fragment photoGalleryWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...photoGalleryDialogContent
}

fragment scmpYoutubeContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  urlAlias
  publishedDate
}

fragment sponsorTagSponsor on Sponsor {
  name
  type
  images {
    url
  }
}


sections

types

disableOffPlatformContent

sponsorType

published

headline

socialHeadline

authors

images

publishedDate

updatedDate

summary

subHeadline

keywords

topics

readingTime

authorLocations

entityUuid

Advertising partner

[Sponsored article]
The growth of the e-commerce sector has been nothing short of remarkable. Worldwide online retail sales are anticipated to hit more than US$5.5 trillion in 2022, with the figure expected to exceed US$7.4 trillion by 2025¹.
There has been a particular uptick in customers engaging in cross-border e-commerce. Between 2016 and the end of this year, the share of the global e-commerce market held by cross-border transactions is forecasted to rise from 15 per cent to 22 per cent². Furthermore, a report estimates the value of worldwide cross-border e-commerce will reach US$2.1 trillion in 2023 and account for 38 per cent of all e-commerce sales – 13 per cent higher than 2022’s US$1.9 trillion figure³.
These numbers represent a marked shift in consumer behaviour in terms of how and where consumers choose to spend their money. According to an Ipsos survey commissioned by PayPal, 57 per cent of online shoppers currently participate in cross-border e-commerce, with 42 per cent of them more confident about making purchases from international merchants than before. It is clearly an advantageous time for e-commerce businesses to cultivate an overseas customer base.
Consumers are the driving force behind trends
There are a number of reasons for the surge in cross-border e-commerce. Covid-19 – and its associated lockdowns – forced many shoppers to redirect their purchases from bricks-and-mortar operations to online vendors. This exposed them to a wide range of retailers beyond their immediate domestic market, meaning an improvement for customers in terms of choice, quality, pricing and payment options. The development and adoption of digital technologies has also been a significant contributor, particularly in the Asia-Pacific.
In Hong Kong, cross-border transactions make up 25 per cent of all e-commerce sales, according to a report by JP Morgan4. Shoppers are more likely to make online purchases using a mobile device, while app-based social commerce has also been gaining ground in the city, especially among the younger demographic.

China’s digitally savvy population has also been quick to hop on the cross-border e-commerce bandwagon, with 39 per cent of online shoppers having transacted with an overseas merchant. Mobile-first consumers in China prefer to shop using an app, as 65 per cent of mobile-facilitated sales are fulfilled this way5. Live commerce – enacted by many companies – is another key fixture, with McKinsey & Company forecasting that China’s live-commerce transactions will reach US$423 billion this year6.
Cross-border e-commerce is gaining traction in other Asia-Pacific markets, too. In Japan, which is one of the largest e-commerce economies by value, the younger population – with higher incomes and a desire to spend more time online – is expected to be the next driver of e-commerce. Retailers are increasingly offering “buy now, pay later” options to customers, which help boost cross-border transactions. And while desktop-based online shopping remains king, the growth of mobile commerce is projected to surpass it by 20247.
In Singapore, a significant 78 per cent of online consumers have shopped with international merchants, and cross-border e-commerce – especially with China, the United States and South Korea – makes up 55 per cent of total sales8. Mobile shopping and live commerce are also on the rise, thanks to the city state’s robust digital infrastructure.

Market uncertainties mean opportunities
The current economic climate presents numerous headwinds for businesses – winds they must overcome. Supply chain challenges such as longer shipping times and shortages of raw materials – all exacerbated by the pandemic – have shown no signs of abating, and will likely persist for the foreseeable future. This means retailers must find innovative ways to protect their bottom line.
Concerns about inflation and the rising cost of living are also affecting consumer behaviour as the price of goods continues to rise. Many shoppers are displaying increased price sensitivity, cutting back on their purchases to weather the storm – and the looming threat of a recession.
While there are ongoing economic uncertainties and lower consumer confidence, businesses can take full advantage of the growth in cross-border e-commerce and what that means for the future. This can allow companies to expand their customer base and explore the opportunities presented by different markets, thereby diversifying and mitigating risk.
To be successful on the global stage, businesses need to consider many factors, including the unique consumer characteristics and disparate taxation regulations between markets. They also need to ensure a seamless customer experience, such as optimising online user interfaces and providing a variety of payment options – solutions that PayPal can offer to help businesses address e-commerce concerns.
Those who are able to navigate these intricacies successfully stand in good stead to leverage the boom in cross-border e-commerce, and unlock new opportunities for their business.
Discover more insights into 14 key cross-border markets in PayPal’s Borderless Commerce Report 2022.
¹ Source: Statista, “Retail e-commerce sales worldwide from 2014 to 2025”. Analysis of transactions for products and services globally based on data collected between 2014 and 2021.
² Source: Statista, “Cross-border e-commerce as a share of total e-commerce worldwide in 2016 and 2022”, based on data showing percentage of cross-border e-commerce market share.
3 Source: Juniper Research, “Cross-border e-commerce: market forecasts, emerging opportunities & future challenges 2022 - 2026”, based on analysis of drivers and trends in the e-commerce market in eight key regions.
4, 5, 7, 8 Source: JP Morgan, “Global e-commerce trends report”, based on data-driven insights into 37 markets.
6 Source: McKinsey, “It’s showtime! How live commerce is transforming the shopping experience”, based on McKinsey’s 2021 report of insights into live commerce.


Changes in consumer behaviour mean new opportunities for retailers in cross-border e-commerce

A boom in online shopping has led to a rise in consumers buying from international retailers. Photo: Shutterstock

The pandemic forced many shoppers to buy from online vendors and exposed them to retailers beyond their own borders. Photo: Shutterstock

More consumers prefer to make online purchases using a mobile device or app. Photo: Shutterstock 

Business

An Ipsos survey for PayPal’s 2022 Borderless Commerce Report indicates that over 50 per cent of online shoppers make purchases from international merchants
New trends in e-commerce and new ways of reaching customers are fuelling growth in the sector


PayPal’s Borderless Commerce Report shows that over 50 per cent of online shoppers make purchases from international merchants, as e-commerce growth is fuelled by new trends and ways of reaching customers.


Global trends in e-commerce

PayPal

E-commerce

Changes in consumer behaviour mean new opportunities for retailers in cross-border e-commerce

An Ipsos survey for PayPal’s 2022 Borderless Commerce Report indicates that over 50 per cent of online shoppers make purchases from international merchants New trends in e-commerce and new ways of reaching customers are fuelling growth in the sector

An Ipsos survey for PayPal’s 2022 Borderless Commerce Report indicates that over 50 per cent of online shoppers make purchases from international merchants

New trends in e-commerce and new ways of reaching customers are fuelling growth in the sector