bodyType

customContents

entityId

printArticlePageQuery

filter

article

body

urlAlias

articleSectionsContent

articleSeoArticle

articleSourceHeaderArticle

contentSchemaRenderContent

contentSubHeadlineContent

contentHeadlineContent

mainImagePrintArticleArticle

authorBlockPrintArticleArticle

contentSponsorTagContent

articlePianoPaywallContent

scmpYoutubeContent

hooksTrackPageViewArticle

query printArticlePageQuery(
  $entityId: String!
  $customContents: [CustomContentInput]
  $bodyType: BodyFormatTypeEnum
) {
  article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {
    entityId
    body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {
      json
    }
    urlAlias
    ...articleSectionsContent
    ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4
    ...articleSourceHeaderArticle
    ...contentSchemaRenderContent
    ...contentSubHeadlineContent
    ...contentHeadlineContent
    ...mainImagePrintArticleArticle
    ...authorBlockPrintArticleArticle
    ...contentSponsorTagContent
    ...articlePianoPaywallContent
    ...scmpYoutubeContent
    ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle
    id
  }
}

fragment articlePianoPaywallContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent
}

fragment articleSectionsContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  sections {
    value {
      ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection
      ...entityLink
      name
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {
  ...hooksArticleSeoArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
  ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle
  entityId
  publishedDate
  updatedDate
  summary {
    text
  }
  subHeadline {
    text
  }
  body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {
    text
  }
  keywords
  sections {
    value {
      name
      id
    }
  }
  topics {
    name
    entityId
    id
  }
  urlAlias
  authors {
    name
    id
  }
  images {
    style(filter: {style: "768x768"}) {
      url
    }
  }
  readingTime
}

fragment articleSourceHeaderArticle on Article {
  urlAlias
  ...entityLink
}

fragment authorBlockPrintArticleArticle on Article {
  ...defaultArticleDateContent
  ...authorNamesArticle
}

fragment authorNameAuthor on Author {
  ...entityLink
  name
  entityUuid
}

fragment authorNamesArticle on Article {
  authorLocations
  authors {
    entityId
    location
    ...authorNameAuthor
    id
  }
}

fragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...contentShareWidgetContent
}

fragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  headline
  socialHeadline
  ...contentHeadlineTagContent
  ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent
}

fragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent
}

fragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    relatedNewsletters {
      ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
      id
    }
    id
  }
  sections {
    value {
      relatedNewsletters {
        ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
        id
      }
      id
    }
  }
  ... on Article {
    relatedNewsletters {
      ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...blockquoteQuoteContent
  ...imageContent
  ...inlineWidgetContent
  ...photoGalleryWidgetContent
  ...scmpYoutubeContent
}

fragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  urlAlias
  shortUrl
  socialHeadline
  headline
}

fragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent
}

fragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  subHeadline {
    json
  }
  summary {
    json
  }
  ...contentSchemaRenderContent
}

fragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent
}

fragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {
  __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename
  __typename
  entityId
  entityUuid
  urlAlias
  urlRedirect {
    toUrl
    id
  }
  application {
    entityId
    id
  }
  ... on Section {
    fullSectionPath {
      entityId
      id
    }
    parentSection
  }
  ...helpersAppBarVariantBase
  ...helpersApplicationBase
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle
  ...helpersStyleSectionContent
}

fragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {
  __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename
  ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage
  ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle
  ...helpersSectionContent
  ...helpersStyleSectionContent
}

fragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {
  __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage
}

fragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {
  name
}

fragment helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle on Article {
  entityId
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  disableOffPlatformContent
  sponsorType
  published
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
}

fragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {
  flattenTypeIds
  liveArticle {
    status
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ... on Article {
    paywallTypes {
      entityUuid
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {
  urlAlias
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {
  urlAlias
}

fragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ... on Article {
    types {
      value {
        entityId
        id
      }
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {
  entityId
  name
  alternativeName
  description {
    text
  }
  summary {
    text
  }
  homepageDescription {
    text
  }
}

fragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {
  authors {
    types
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {
  authors {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersSectionContent on Section {
  fullSectionPath {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {
  fullSectionPath {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    sponsor {
      ...sponsorTagSponsor
      name
      type
      id
    }
    id
  }
  ... on Article {
    sponsorType
  }
  ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent
}

fragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  createdDate
  publishedDate
  updatedDate
}

fragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle
  ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent
  ...helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle
  entityId
  headline
  socialHeadline
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  authors {
    entityId
    id
  }
  images {
    generic_og: style(filter: {style: "og_image_scmp_generic"}) {
      url
    }
    styles(filter: {styles: ["og_image_posties_article", "og_postmag", "og_image_style", "og_image_scmp_analysis", "og_image_scmp_explainer", "og_image_scmp_editorial", "og_image_scmp_fact_check", "og_image_scmp_debate", "og_image_scmp_live", "og_image_scmp_obituary", "og_image_scmp_opinion", "og_image_scmp_review", "og_image_scmp_series", "og_image_scmp_generic"]}) {
      url
      style
    }
    type
  }
  urlAlias
}

fragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  __typename
  ... on Article {
    types {
      value {
        name
        entityId
        description {
          text
        }
        id
      }
    }
    ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle
  }
  flag
  sections {
    value {
      name
      id
    }
  }
  ...hooksContentHelperContent
}

fragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle
  ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle
  ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle
  flag
}

fragment hooksPaywallPromiseContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
}

fragment hooksTrackPageViewArticle on Article {
  entityId
  publishedDate
  headline
  sections {
    value {
      name
      id
    }
  }
  urlAlias
  authors {
    name
    id
  }
  entityUuid
}

fragment imageContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  headline
  ...checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent
}

fragment inlineWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent
}

fragment mainImagePrintArticleArticle on Article {
  images {
    title
    url
    isSlideshow
    size_652x446: style(filter: {style: "652x446"}) {
      url
    }
  }
}

fragment photoGalleryDialogContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  __typename
  ...contentShareWidgetContent
}

fragment photoGalleryWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...photoGalleryDialogContent
}

fragment scmpYoutubeContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  urlAlias
  publishedDate
}

fragment sponsorTagSponsor on Sponsor {
  name
  type
  images {
    url
  }
}


sections

types

disableOffPlatformContent

sponsorType

published

headline

socialHeadline

authors

images

publishedDate

updatedDate

summary

subHeadline

keywords

topics

readingTime

authorLocations

entityUuid

Yingzhi Yang

Meng Jing

TikTok, the popular short video app owned by Beijing-based ByteDance, recently surpassed 1 billion installs globally on the iOS App Store and Google Play, becoming a hit in the US, Europe, India, and Southeast Asia.
The app, in which people dance, jump and lip sync to pop songs and music in 15-second shareable videos, was also the fourth-most downloaded non-game app last year and the No. 1 non-game app in the US in January, according to research firm SensorTower.
This makes it the first Chinese-made app to take the world by storm – putting it up there with the likes of US names such as Facebook, Snapchat, Instagram and YouTube.
YouTube’s most-followed star, PewDiePie, talks about TikTok on a daily basis in his videos.
TikTok’s overseas success – tapping the universal desire to sing and dance – stands out in China because even Tencent’s dominant messaging and social media platform WeChat has remained essentially a Chinese phenomenon only.


WeChat, a transactional super app in China with over a billion daily active users, allows users to chat, read, play games and order food online. It tried to expand outside its home market in 2012 – before TikTok {also known as Douyin in China] was born – but has been unable to replicate its domestic success.
“TikTok is a content platform first, then a social platform, which is different from WeChat,” said Xie Pu, founder of tech website Techie Crab. “Music and dance is an international language,” he added.
Xie also said one thing WeChat failed to do when it tried to push overseas was to localise, making it relevant to western consumers. “WhatsApp and Line were all early players in overseas markets before WeChat,” he added.
Short-video platform Tik Tok experiments with longer-form content
TikTok’s rise to international stardom has not been an overnight success story, and Bytedance has had to go through a trial and error process to finally crack overseas markets.
But ultimately its innovative and easy-to-use editing functions that allow users to customise videos with a variety of special effects have borne fruit.
TikTok has also had to deal with pressing privacy issues and calls to protect younger users – in line with the entire social media industry.
In 2018, Bytedance announced several feature upgrades as part an “ongoing effort to maintain a safe, healthy and creative environment for its global user community”. The additional features – including enhanced privacy settings, account deletion, private messaging access, and parental controls – went live last July.

The world’s most valuable unicorn is also the owner of hit Chinese news aggregator Jinri Toutiao, meaning “Today’s Headlines,” which recommends personalised news articles to people with different interests based on its AI-driven algorithms.
Bytedance specialises in applying AI and big data analysis to its products to better understand user behaviour and tastes, allowing them to be personalised.
Jinri Toutiao also has an overseas equivalent, TopBuzz, but it has not been as successful as the China app is in its home market, recently making No. 14 in US mobile news app rankings, according to SimilarWeb.
In the world of short video though, TikTok can be called a pioneer, and it has come a long way from modest beginnings.
Tik Tok racks up 500 million global MAU as short video craze continues
“At the end of 2014, we hesitated about whether we should continue to work on short video,” said Zhang Yiming, founder and chief executive of Bytedance, on its 7th anniversary this month.
“We saw Tencent and Meipai posting ads on the subway and we saw Kuaishou already taking off. We thought we had already missed the short video trend and we weren’t sure if we had the energy to keep working on it.”
Two years later, Zhang said he realised he had to keep pushing on short video, not only domestically but also internationally. “I decided we also needed to make good acquisitions overseas,” Zhang added.


In February 2017, Bytedance acquired US video app Flipgram and later the same year bought lip-synching app musical.ly, which already had a strong following in the US. It also bought news app News Republic from Chinese mobile app developer Cheetah mobile.
Analysts attribute the rapid rise of TikTok globally, and in the US particularly, to its overseas acquisitions and the merging of musical.ly into TikTok.
“The [musical.ly] acquisition definitely gave TikTok a short cut for overseas expansion. It lowered the cost and reduced the difficulty of exploring new markets and fitting into a different culture,” said Zhang Yi, chief executive of research firm iMedia.
China’s Tik Tok proves too hot for Indonesia and is banned
Tencent also tried to go down this route by buying WhatsApp in early 2014, but was beaten to the punch when Facebook doubled its offer and “stole” the deal from under the Shenzhen-based company’s nose, while Tencent founder and CEO Pony Ma was laid up with back surgery at the time, according to a Bloomberg report.
The difference between content and messaging is an important one though.
Users of Douyin and TikTok are walled off from each other to “avoid having problematic content created outside of China viewed by domestic audiences”, Samm Sacks, a China digital economy expert with New America, pointed out in a recent blog.

In contrast, WeChat users can send messages to each other wherever the app is downloaded, in Chinese or US app stores, but a Douyin user cannot watch videos posted on TikTok.
Being a hit in various regions also continues to draw the attention of a variety of local regulators, which is a huge challenge for TikTok, says iMedia’s Zhang Yi.
World’s most downloaded app Tik Tok to enhance users’ privacy controls
TikTok was last month slapped with a fine of US$5.7 million to settle claims by the US government that it illegally collected personal information from children under the age of 13, such as names, email addresses, and their location.
TikTok said in a statement that it is committed to “creating measures” to protect users, including tools for parents to protect their kids.
Popularity has its challenges but TikTok has broken new ground for China’s up-and-coming wave of technology start-ups.


How short video app TikTok became the first Chinese-made app to take the world by storm

Tik Tok screenshots. Photo: Handout

***ONE TIME USE ONLY, PLEASE CLEAR THE COPYRIGHTS BEFORE RE-USE - OTUO*** Douyin, an app developed by Beijing ByteDance Technology. Photo: HANDOUT

Tik Tok screenshots

Tech

Innovation


TikTok is the first Chinese-made app to take the world by storm – putting it up there with the likes of US names such as Facebook, Snapchat, Instagram and YouTube



TikTok’s rise to international stardom has not been an overnight success story and Bytedance has had to go through a trial and error process to crack overseas markets.
