https://www.scmp.com/rss/323775/feed Mike Cormack is a writer, editor and reviewer mostly focusing on China, where he lived from 2007-2014. He was the editor of Agenda Beijing. en https://assets.i-scmp.com/static/img/icons/scmp-meta-1200x630.png https://www.scmp.com Dying for an iPhone by Jenny Chan, Mark Selden and Pun Ngai Haymarket Books and Pluto Press 4/5 stars China is home to some of the world’s most devoted Apple fans. When company co-founder Steve Jobs died in 2011, flowers were piled up outside the Apple store in Beijing. A few weeks later, however, touts egged the same store when it implemented a system aimed at stopping people buying up Apple devices and reselling them at exorbitant prices. The company’s iPhones are built in mainland China by... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/3082307/dying-iphone-investigating-apple-foxconn-and-brutal?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/3082307/dying-iphone-investigating-apple-foxconn-and-brutal?utm_source=rss_feed Thu, 30 Apr 2020 10:00:14 +0000 The Message by Mai Jia Head of Zeus 2.5/5 stars Mai Jia’s books, now being translated and published in English, make great play of his huge sales in China. With global sales of 10 million, he is “the bestselling author you’ve never heard of”, according to the market­ing hype. His first novel, Decoded (2002), earned positive reviews from English-language media when it was translated in 2014 and has now been published in 33 languages. A large part of Mai Jia’s appeal, no doubt, derives from his... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/3079004/message-mai-jias-flawed-wartime-novel-can-be-read?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/3079004/message-mai-jias-flawed-wartime-novel-can-be-read?utm_source=rss_feed Fri, 10 Apr 2020 06:00:13 +0000 Drunk in China: Baijiu and the World’s Oldest Drinking Culture by Derek Sandhaus University of Nebraska Press 4/5 stars B aijiu is one of the biggest challenges Chinese culture offers to foreigners, who often describe it as “gut-rot”, “engine-cleaner” or in even less positive terms. Yet the distilled grain alcohol belongs to a drinking culture that goes back thousands of years. The boom times that followed the opening of China’s economy produced some of the world’s largest liquor companies. The... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/3039587/ganbei-culture-dying-out-american-goes-baijiu-bender?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/3039587/ganbei-culture-dying-out-american-goes-baijiu-bender?utm_source=rss_feed Thu, 28 Nov 2019 01:09:15 +0000 China’s Commercial Sexscapes, by Eileen Yuk-ha Tsang, University of Toronto Press, 3.5 stars Prostitution may officially be outlawed in mainland China, but that hasn’t exactly wiped out the country’s sex industry. Foreign businessmen visiting major cities have long told of racy cards being thrust under their hotel room doors and of receiving unsolicited phone calls from sex workers. Many streets in urban areas are lined with pink-lit “hair salons”, which are open at suspiciously late hours and... https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/arts-culture/article/3032354/inside-chinas-sex-trade-seduction-sympathy-survival-and?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/arts-culture/article/3032354/inside-chinas-sex-trade-seduction-sympathy-survival-and?utm_source=rss_feed Sat, 12 Oct 2019 10:00:11 +0000 Long Peace Street by Jonathan Chatwin Manchester University Press 3.5/5 stars Biographer Ted Morgan once described poet Allen Ginsberg’s lengthy lines in Howl (1956) as Whitmanesque “laundry lines”, on which to hang everything in human life, including sex, madness and death. Likewise, Jonathan Chatwin uses a 30km walk along Changan Jie (Long Peace Street), a road running east to west through Beijing, on which to hang musings about the city, its history, people, politics, culture, protest... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/3021969/long-peace-street-jonathan-chatwin-walks-30km-through?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/3021969/long-peace-street-jonathan-chatwin-walks-30km-through?utm_source=rss_feed Sat, 10 Aug 2019 05:00:07 +0000 The Unpassing by Chia-Chia Lin, pub. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 3.5/5 stars The Unpassing comes unusually garlanded for a debut novel, with back-cover blurbs offering high praise from four authors. And first impressions are favourable, with author Chia-Chia Lin skil­fully creating an intense, image-rich world. Events unfold in a hardscrabble village near Anchorage, in the American state of Alaska, in the 1980s, and the wilder­­ness features prominently, setting a psycho-geographical tone. The... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/3017082/debut-novel-extraordinary-promise-tale-chinese-alaska?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/3017082/debut-novel-extraordinary-promise-tale-chinese-alaska?utm_source=rss_feed Thu, 04 Jul 2019 13:30:06 +0000 Last Boat Out of Shanghaiby Helen Zia Ballantine Books Historical fiction is a hybrid art form requiring a skilful fusion of narrative and research. When done well – as, for example, in James Clavell’s superb Noble House (1981) or War and Peace and A Tale of Two Cities – the results can be thrilling and informative. But when done badly, with the author failing to combine background and story, the result can be an unfulfilling mixture of half-digested factoids and characters that don’t offer... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2183348/tale-four-real-life-escapees-1949-shanghai-fails?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2183348/tale-four-real-life-escapees-1949-shanghai-fails?utm_source=rss_feed Wed, 23 Jan 2019 14:00:00 +0000 In his new memoir, Never Grow Up, kung fu film legend Jackie Chan writes about many low points of his life, such as drinking, visiting prostitutes and overspending. However, he glosses over several controversial areas of his life which are already matters of public record. Here are five areas mentioned only in passing that many readers would want to learn more about. The affair “In 1999, I made a serious mistake.” Chan writes that after having an affair, he held a family meeting with wife Joan... https://www.scmp.com/culture/film-tv/article/2176329/five-things-jackie-chan-glossed-over-his-new-memoir-never-grow?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/culture/film-tv/article/2176329/five-things-jackie-chan-glossed-over-his-new-memoir-never-grow?utm_source=rss_feed Wed, 05 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Never Grow Up  by Jackie Chan (with Zhu Mo; translated by Jeremy Tiang) Gallery Books Jackie Chan is arguably the best-known Chinese person on the planet and the only living movie star to straddle the East-West divide. He has risen from being a stuntman earning HK$5 a day to starring in blockbusters such as Rush Hour (1998), and become the world’s fifth highest-paid male actor on the 2018 Forbes list, taking home US$45.5 million. The five most shocking revelations in Jackie Chan’s new... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2176146/new-jackie-chan-memoir-never-grow-offers-insights?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2176146/new-jackie-chan-memoir-never-grow-offers-insights?utm_source=rss_feed Tue, 04 Dec 2018 00:00:45 +0000 Martial arts star Jackie Chan made a name for himself with his explosive movies, which combined fast-paced action with a genius for slapstick comedy. But behind the scenes, it wasn’t all light-hearted fun. The 64-year-old star of the Rush Hour series is unusually frank about his failings and weaknesses in his new memoir, Never Grow Up, which is published on December 4, 2018. He admits visiting prostitutes as a young stuntman. He opens up about being an abusive father. And he reveals how he... https://www.scmp.com/arts/jackie-chan-publishes-new-tell-all-memoir/article/2176153?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/arts/jackie-chan-publishes-new-tell-all-memoir/article/2176153?utm_source=rss_feed Mon, 03 Dec 2018 10:04:51 +0000 Jackie Chan is unusually frank about his failings and weaknesses in his new memoir, Never Grow Up, which is being published tomorrow.   He admits to gambling and visiting prostitutes as a young stuntman. He opens up about his difficulties being a father. And he reveals how he behaved like a tacky new-money star during his first flush of fame. Here are five of the most shocking revelations in Chan’s memoir, in his own words. Drinking “Going out and drinking every night did start to erode my... https://www.scmp.com/culture/books/article/2176078/jackie-chan-shares-his-darker-side-five-most-shocking-revelations-his?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/culture/books/article/2176078/jackie-chan-shares-his-darker-side-five-most-shocking-revelations-his?utm_source=rss_feed Mon, 03 Dec 2018 05:00:15 +0000 China Dream by Ma Jian Chatto & Windus If any country were suited to dystopian fiction, it would be China. Chinese dissident author Ma Jian’s talks at Hong Kong’s Tai Kwun arts centre cancelled Home to several cities that resemble the set of Blade Runner, the country feels like a place where anything could happen. Executives disappear and reappear, rumours swirl about top leaders, and rules and social conventions are handled with anything from arbitrary laxity to authoritarian officiousness. So... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2172237/china-dream-ma-jian-scathing-satire-absurd-reality?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2172237/china-dream-ma-jian-scathing-satire-absurd-reality?utm_source=rss_feed Thu, 08 Nov 2018 06:00:45 +0000 Erebus: The Story of a Ship By Michael Palin Hutchinson Broadcaster and actor Michael Palin’s tele­visual adventures have taken him around the world, from pole to pole, through Brazil and “new Europe”, across the Sahara and Himalayas, and along the great railway lines of Britain. He was once president of the Royal Geographical Society and, a member of surreal comedy group Monty Python, Palin has always injected his accounts with gentle irony and wit. Erebus: The Story of a Ship is, therefore, in... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2165052/michael-palin-retraces-final-journey-ill-fated-hms?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2165052/michael-palin-retraces-final-journey-ill-fated-hms?utm_source=rss_feed Thu, 20 Sep 2018 12:31:14 +0000 Bruce Lee: A Life by Matthew Polly Simon & Schuster Bruce Lee may have died 45 years ago this month, but he remains one of the best-known Chinese celebrities. Lee’s films kick-started the kung fu genre, turning martial arts into a global phenomenon and boosting the Hong Kong movie industry’s reputation internationally. Lee is one of the top-earning dead celebrities – and on a relatively slim body of work: he featured in just three kung fu films that were released while he was alive (The Big Boss... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2153747/bruce-lees-death-biography-offers-bizarre-new-theory?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2153747/bruce-lees-death-biography-offers-bizarre-new-theory?utm_source=rss_feed Wed, 04 Jul 2018 12:00:30 +0000 What We Were Promised by Lucy Tan 3.5/5 stars Delayed gratification can provide great pleasure in a novel. Who hasn’t thrilled to Winston Smith finally saying he loved Big Brother in George Orwell’s 1984, or been devastated by the deaths at the end of John Steinbeck’s Of Mice And Men? But it can also be frustrating, such as when getting to the end of an 800-page Stephen King novel and finding that the horror master has once again been able to contrive a satisfying climax. Chinese-American Lucy... https://www.scmp.com/culture/books/article/2148817/chinese-americans-debut-novel-chinese-expat-life-clever-examination?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/culture/books/article/2148817/chinese-americans-debut-novel-chinese-expat-life-clever-examination?utm_source=rss_feed Sun, 03 Jun 2018 05:02:41 +0000 Imperial Twilight: The Opium War and the End of China’s Last Golden Age by Stephen R. Platt Knopf Many important historical events seem inevitable in retrospect. When placed in a narrative, there is the sense of them being moved – or at least precipitated – by greater forces. Other episodes are blundered into and the conse­quences take on their own logic. The first opium war (1839-42) between Britain and China, suggests historian Stephen R. Platt, is one such instance. Young American’s... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2148660/first-opium-war-corruption-mistakes-and-misfortunes?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2148660/first-opium-war-corruption-mistakes-and-misfortunes?utm_source=rss_feed Thu, 31 May 2018 23:30:30 +0000 Mao’s Town by Xie Hong Whyte Tracks Publishing There can never be enough novels dealing with the horrors of the Great Chinese Famine and the Cultural Revolution. The subjects have been covered in fine non-fiction books, such as Frank Dikötter’s People’s Trilogy (2010-2016) and Tombstone (2012), by Yang Jisheng. But while these include individual stories, they approach the events from a largely broad angle, and do not maintain specific perspectives on the tragedies. Fiction allows for individual... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2141230/human-cost-maos-great-famine-and-cultural-revolution?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2141230/human-cost-maos-great-famine-and-cultural-revolution?utm_source=rss_feed Thu, 12 Apr 2018 00:00:30 +0000 How To Turn Down A Billion Dollars by Billy Gallagher St Martin’s Press 3 stars Snapchat is the great dividing line in the social media ecosystem: the old, with their fuddy-duddy Facebook, don’t understand it and do not use it; the young, with their selfies and sexting, have taken to it with alacrity, their daily usage figures far exceeding that of any other app. Book review: Fake news isn’t new, as The Formosa Fraud, fictitious Taiwan tale, reminds us Yet its entire communication model goes... https://www.scmp.com/culture/books/article/2134691/snapchats-rise-obscure-app-facebook-rival-charted-how-turn-down?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/culture/books/article/2134691/snapchats-rise-obscure-app-facebook-rival-charted-how-turn-down?utm_source=rss_feed Mon, 26 Feb 2018 12:19:33 +0000 Feel Freeby Zadie Smith Penguin Zadie Smith is arguably Britain’s hottest literary writer. Her novels, from White Teeth (2000) to Swing Time (2016), have won wide acclaim and she has received nearly every accolade an author can enjoy. Smith is also an accomplished essayist. A previous collection, Changing My Mind (2009), displayed a talent for non-fiction, and she has followed that up with Feel Free, a selection of her reviews, essays, reflections and more from the years since. Smith is a sharp... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2131536/jay-z-virginia-woolf-zadie-smiths-second-non-fiction?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2131536/jay-z-virginia-woolf-zadie-smiths-second-non-fiction?utm_source=rss_feed Thu, 01 Feb 2018 07:00:15 +0000 The Only Story by Julian Barnes Jonathan Cape Although he has not won the fame of contemporary Martin Amis, Julian Barnes is in remarkable fettle for a novelist 40 years into his writing career, having won the Man Booker Prize in 2011 for The Sense of an Ending, and now publishing his 15th book since the turn of the millennium. The Only Story is set in “the Village”, the “Metro­land” of the commuter suburbs surrounding London that Barnes has made his own since his 1980 debut, but there’s ­no... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2124252/julian-barnes-tackles-sex-relationships-and-ageing?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2124252/julian-barnes-tackles-sex-relationships-and-ageing?utm_source=rss_feed Thu, 14 Dec 2017 05:03:21 +0000 The Standing Chandelier by Lionel Shriver The Borough Press Best known for her 2005 bestseller We Need to Talk About Kevin, Lionel Shriver also has a reputation as a no-nonsense commentator. Her 2016 speech on cultural appropriation at the Brisbane Writers Festival was a welcome rejoinder to the fatuous notion that certain aspects of culture belong only to some people, and cannot be used or adapted by others. (Any cultural proscription that would have prevented The Beatles, Abba or Led Zeppelin... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2119978/lionel-shriver-disappoints-flimsy-plot-and-thinly?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2119978/lionel-shriver-disappoints-flimsy-plot-and-thinly?utm_source=rss_feed Wed, 15 Nov 2017 12:00:00 +0000 Finding My Virginity by Richard Branson Virgin Books Some people have the good fortune to be high achievers in multiple fields. As well as being an extraordinary poet, Philip Larkin was a noted university librarian and a fine jazz and book reviewer. Great Britain’s wartime prime minister, Winston Churchill, was a gifted oil painter and productive writer. Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates is perhaps this century’s most generous philanthropist. This is understandable: some people are born with... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2117874/richard-bransons-latest-memoir-reveals-perhaps-more?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2117874/richard-bransons-latest-memoir-reveals-perhaps-more?utm_source=rss_feed Wed, 01 Nov 2017 05:01:44 +0000 Six Billion Shoppers by Porter Erisman St Martin’s Press Porter Erisman’s previous book, Alibaba’s World (2015), provides an insider’s perspective on Chinese e-commerce behemoth Alibaba Group and its founder and executive chairman, Jack Ma Yun, and is arguably the most revealing read on the company to date. One of Alibaba’s earliest overseas recruits, Erisman served as vice-president from 2000 to 2008, with responsibilities for international marketing and corporate affairs. Alibaba’s World is a... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2114566/six-billion-shoppers-former-alibaba-vice-presidents?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2114566/six-billion-shoppers-former-alibaba-vice-presidents?utm_source=rss_feed Wed, 11 Oct 2017 07:45:00 +0000 Sour Heartby Jenny Zhang Lenny Shanghai-born, New York-based writer and poet Jenny Zhang’s short-story collec­tion Sour Heart alternates between sweet and rancid, light and gritty, juvenile petulance and innocent grace – all within each story. She also blurs the lines between fiction and autobiography: every story features a young girl who has moved from China (usually Shanghai) to New York with parents who struggle to make ends meet in Brooklyn’s cheapest neighbourhoods and struggle even more... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2105960/chinese-american-author-jenny-zhangs-taboo-busting?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2105960/chinese-american-author-jenny-zhangs-taboo-busting?utm_source=rss_feed Wed, 09 Aug 2017 12:00:30 +0000 Rich People Problems by Kevin Kwan Doubleday After the success of Kevin Kwan’s first two novels, Crazy Rich Asians (2013) and China Rich Girlfriend (2015), expectations for the third in the trilogy, Rich People Problems, couldn’t be higher. Here, money, race, family and social background clash like an Asian version of The Forsyte Saga, but with greater levity and a lot more shopping as Kwan continues his tales of the lives of Asia’s ultra-rich by reuniting us with series favourites. They include... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2098304/kevin-kwans-rich-people-problems-hustles-his-comic?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2098304/kevin-kwans-rich-people-problems-hustles-his-comic?utm_source=rss_feed Thu, 15 Jun 2017 00:30:15 +0000 Remains of Life by Wu He Columbia University Press It’s taken 18 years for Wu He’s critically lauded Remains of Life to appear in English translation, and a glance at the text readily explains this delay. This is an avowedly experi­mental novel that revolves around one dreadful event. On October 27, 1930, at a sports meeting at Musha Elementary School, on an aboriginal reservation in the mountains of Taiwan, a bloody uprising took place against the Japanese. By noon, the headhunting ritual had... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2096344/james-joyce-novel-about-japanese-genocide-taiwan?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2096344/james-joyce-novel-about-japanese-genocide-taiwan?utm_source=rss_feed Thu, 01 Jun 2017 09:15:00 +0000 The Language of Solitude by Jan-Philipp Sendker Atria The Language of Solitude does not start well. Protagonist Paul Leibovitz yearns for his partner, Christine Wu (both return­ing from Sendker’s previous novel, 2015’s Whispering Shadows). He is financially independent, she the manager of a minor travel agency – both live in Hong Kong. In or close to middle age, both enjoy nice things. He aches for her phone calls but hesitates to send text messages, lest he seem needy. Their initial... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2091127/loss-and-lies-modern-china-explored-jan-philipp?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2091127/loss-and-lies-modern-china-explored-jan-philipp?utm_source=rss_feed Thu, 27 Apr 2017 09:03:05 +0000 Dear Friend, From My Life I Write to You in Your Life by Yiyun Li Random House This is a remarkable book, both as memoir and as Yiyun Li’s disavowal of the possibility of writing one. Dear Friend, From My Life I Write to You in Your Life explores the formation of the literary mind behind the novel The Vagrants (2009) and short-story collection A Thousand Years of Good Prayers (2005), and is seared with the pain and difficulties of such an under­taking. (If you ever wish to dissuade a child from... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2082724/author-yiyun-lis-dear-friend-remarkable-feat-prose-and?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2082724/author-yiyun-lis-dear-friend-remarkable-feat-prose-and?utm_source=rss_feed Wed, 29 Mar 2017 09:15:45 +0000 The Kingdom of Women by Choo Waihong I.B. Tauris “Lost tribes”, cut off from the babbling, interconnected world, continue to ignite the imagi­nation. Like species on isolated islands that take distinct paths of evolution, lost tribes suggest alternative modes of development. Their separation from the corrupting influences of civilisation in an imagined Edenic idyll also offers metaphors for a lost innocence. The Kingdom of Women, by Choo Waihong, suggests all of this and more. The book tells of... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2078788/kingdom-women-among-chinas-matriarchal-mosuo?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2078788/kingdom-women-among-chinas-matriarchal-mosuo?utm_source=rss_feed Wed, 15 Mar 2017 00:30:45 +0000 China’s Asian Dream by Tom Miller Zed Books 4 stars Tom Miller’s previous book, China’s Urban Billion, was a well-received examination of the processes and effects of the unprecedented scale of China’s urbanisation. Now Miller has moved on to an examination of China’s main diplomatic and economic strategy, the “One Belt, One Road” policy that aims to be the legacy of President Xi Jinping’s administration and to inspire China’s great rejuvenation. As a senior analyst for economic research... https://www.scmp.com/culture/books/article/2076345/why-xi-jinpings-trade-initiative-hasnt-bought-china-affection?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/culture/books/article/2076345/why-xi-jinpings-trade-initiative-hasnt-bought-china-affection?utm_source=rss_feed Mon, 06 Mar 2017 05:02:55 +0000 Lotus: A Novel by Lijia Zhang Henry Holt & Co. Those of us of a certain vintage, perhaps now greying at the temples, may remember Robin Williams teach­ing English in the film Dead Poets Society. In his first lesson, one of his students reads aloud an “Introduction to Poetry”, where (fictional) critic Dr J Evans Pritchard explains how to assess the value of poetry, by multiplying the technical perfection by the importance of the theme. This attempt to measure the value of literature came to mind... https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2059269/money-sex-guanxi-lijia-zhangs-timely-novel-about?utm_source=rss_feed https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/books/article/2059269/money-sex-guanxi-lijia-zhangs-timely-novel-about?utm_source=rss_feed Wed, 04 Jan 2017 09:15:00 +0000