customContents

entityId

entityUuid

articlePageQuery

filter

article

articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle

articleListArticle

articleSeoArticle

helpersArticleSections

hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle

articleSchemaContent

liveArticle

query articlePageQuery(
  $entityId: String!
  $entityUuid: String!
  $customContents: [CustomContentInput]
) {
  article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {
    ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle
    ...articleListArticle_4oKxOH
    ...articleSeoArticle_4oKxOH
    ...helpersArticleSections
    ...hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle
    entityId
    id
  }
  ...articleSchemaContent_2w8PNF
}

fragment articleActionWidgetArticle on Article {
  ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle
  entityId
  urlAlias
}

fragment articleAuthorBlockArticle on Article {
  ...articleDateContent
  ...authorNamesArticle
  authors {
    entityId
    ...entityFollowButtonBase
    ...authorAvatarAuthor
    id
  }
}

fragment articleAuthorDetailsContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  authors {
    entityId
    ...authorCardAuthor
    bio
    id
  }
}

fragment articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle on Article {
  advertZone(version: 2)
  entityId
  sentiment
  contentLock
  topics {
    entityId
    sponsor {
      __typename
      id
    }
    id
  }
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent
}

fragment articleCommentsTriggerArticle on Article {
  commentCount
  entityId
}

fragment articleCorrectionsWidgetArticle on Article {
  corrections {
    correction {
      json
    }
    timestamp
  }
  ...contentSchemaRenderContent
}

fragment articleDateContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  createdDate
  publishedDate
  updatedDate
}

fragment articleFooterArticle on Article {
  ...articleUtilsArticle
  ...morningStudioArticleFooterContent
  ...genericArticleFooterArticle
}

fragment articleImageGalleryContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  urlAlias
  shortUrl
  headline
  socialHeadline
}

fragment articleLeadingArticle on Article {
  displaySlideShow
  multimediaEmbed {
    json
  }
  ...articleLeadingImagesContent
  ...contentSchemaRenderContent
}

fragment articleLeadingImagesContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  images {
    title
    url
    isSlideshow
    size1200x800: style(filter: {style: "1200x800"}) {
      url
    }
    size768x768: style(filter: {style: "768x768"}) {
      url
    }
  }
}

fragment articleLeftHandSideWidgetsContent on Article {
  ...seriesWidgetContent
  ...topPicksWidgetContent
  seriesContainer {
    series {
      __typename
      ... on Article {
        id
      }
      ... on Podcast {
        id
      }
      ... on Video {
        id
      }
    }
    id
  }
}

fragment articleLinkingDataContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  urlAlias
  sections {
    value {
      ...helpersFilterSection
      ...entityLink
      name
      urlAlias
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment articleListArticle_4oKxOH on Article {
  ...articleFooterArticle
  ...articlePaginationCheckerArticle
  ...articlePaginationNavigationHistoryArticle_4oKxOH
  ...articleRecommendationArticle
  ...articlePaywallCheckerContent
  ...articleRenderArticle_4oKxOH
}

fragment articleMoreOnThisListArticle on Article {
  moreOnThisArticles {
    ...entityLink
    entityId
    headline
    socialHeadline
    urlAlias
    images {
      url
      style(filter: {style: "237x147"}) {
        url
      }
    }
    id
  }
}

fragment articlePaginationCheckerArticle on Article {
  ...articleUtilsArticle
}

fragment articlePaginationNavigationHistoryArticle_4oKxOH on Article {
  urlAlias
  ...hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_4oKxOH
}

fragment articlePaywallCheckerContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent
}

fragment articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle on Article {
  printHeadline
}

fragment articleRecommendationArticle on Article {
  entityId
  moreOnThisArticles {
    entityId
    publishedDate
    sections {
      value {
        entityId
        id
      }
    }
    types {
      value {
        entityId
        id
      }
    }
    urlAlias
    id
  }
}

fragment articleRenderArticle_4oKxOH on Article {
  entityId
  ...articlePaywallCheckerContent
  ...articleActionWidgetArticle
  ...articleAuthorBlockArticle
  ...articleAuthorDetailsContent
  ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle
  ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle
  ...articleCorrectionsWidgetArticle
  ...articleImageGalleryContent
  ...articleLeadingArticle
  ...articleLeftHandSideWidgetsContent
  ...articleLinkingDataContent
  ...articleMoreOnThisListArticle
  ...articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle
  ...articleSectionsContent
  ...articleShareWidgetArticle
  ...articleSponsorContent
  ...articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle
  ...articleTopicsContent
  ...articleUtilsArticle
  ...articleVocabBoxArticle
  ...contentBodyContent_4oKxOH
  ...contentHeadlineContent
  ...contentSchemaRenderContent
  ...contentSubHeadlineContent
  ...genericArticleArticle
  ...helpersArticleSections
  ...hooksPostiesArticleArticle
  ...morningStudioArticleContent
  ...newsletterArticleArticle
  ...opinionArticleContent
  ...pianoIntegrationArticle
}

fragment articleSchemaContent_2w8PNF on Query {
  article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {
    authorLocations
    contentLock
    createdDate
    flag
    headline
    publishedDate
    socialHeadline
    sponsorType
    updatedDate
    urlAlias
    authors {
      location
      name
      types
      urlAlias
      id
    }
    body(customContents: $customContents) {
      json
      text
    }
    corrections {
      correction {
        text
      }
      timestamp
    }
    images {
      isSlideshow
      height
      width
      url
    }
    sections {
      value {
        name
        id
      }
    }
    types {
      value {
        name
        id
      }
    }
    id
  }
  ...liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF
}

fragment articleSectionsContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  sections {
    value {
      ...helpersFilterSection
      ...entityLink
      name
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment articleSeoArticle_4oKxOH on Article {
  ...hooksArticleSeoArticle
  entityId
  publishedDate
  updatedDate
  headline
  summary {
    text
  }
  subHeadline {
    text
  }
  body(customContents: $customContents) {
    text
  }
  keywords
  sections {
    value {
      name
      id
    }
  }
  topics {
    name
    entityId
    id
  }
  urlAlias
  authors {
    name
    id
  }
  images {
    style(filter: {style: "768x768"}) {
      url
    }
  }
  copyrighted
  entityUuid
  socialHeadline
  sponsor
}

fragment articleShareWidgetArticle on Article {
  ...contentShareWidgetContent
  ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle
}

fragment articleSponsorContent on Article {
  topics {
    entityId
    sponsor {
      description {
        json
      }
      ...sponsorTagSponsor
      id
    }
    id
  }
  ...hooksUseContentSponsorContent
  ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent
  ...contentSchemaRenderContent
}

fragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {
  topics {
    ...topicLinkTopic
    ...entityFollowButtonBase
    disableFollow
    id
  }
}

fragment articleTopicsContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    ...topicLinkTopic
    ...entityFollowButtonBase
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment articleUtilsArticle on Article {
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {
  glossary {
    term
    translation
    description {
      json
    }
  }
  ...contentSchemaRenderContent
}

fragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_4oKxOH on Base {
  __isBase: __typename
  __typename
  ... on Article {
    ...articleSeoArticle_4oKxOH
    ...contentShareWidgetContent
    ...headerContentBookmarkArticle
    ...headerContentCommentTrigger
    ...helpersUseSharingUrl
    ...hooksContentInterestArticle
    ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle
    ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle
    ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle
  }
}

fragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on Base {
  __isBase: __typename
  __typename
  ... on Section {
    fullSectionPath {
      ...hooksUseNotificationsSection
      id
    }
  }
  ... on Article {
    sections {
      value {
        ...hooksUseNotificationsSection
        id
      }
    }
  }
}

fragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {
  ...entityLink
  entityId
  name
  types
  image(filter: {type: AUTHOR_IMAGE}) {
    style(filter: {style: "118x118"}) {
      url
    }
  }
}

fragment authorBioAuthor on Author {
  bio
}

fragment authorCardAuthor on Author {
  ...authorSocialLinksAuthor
  ...authorAvatarAuthor
  ...authorNameAuthor
  ...authorBioAuthor
  ...entityFollowButtonBase
}

fragment authorNameAuthor on Author {
  ...entityLink
  name
}

fragment authorNamesArticle on Article {
  authorLocations
  authors {
    entityId
    location
    ...authorNameAuthor
    id
  }
}

fragment authorSocialLinksAuthor on Author {
  socialLinks {
    class
    title
    url
  }
}

fragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...contentShareWidgetContent
}

fragment breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {
  types {
    value {
      name
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment contentBodyContent_4oKxOH on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  body(customContents: $customContents) {
    json
  }
  ...contentSchemaRenderContent
}

fragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  headline
  socialHeadline
  ...contentHeadlineTagContent
}

fragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent
}

fragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {
  entityId
  relatedLinks
}

fragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    relatedNewsletters {
      ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
      id
    }
    id
  }
  sections {
    value {
      relatedNewsletters {
        ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
        id
      }
      id
    }
  }
  ... on Article {
    relatedNewsletters {
      ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...scmpYoutubeContent
  ...imageContent
  ...blockquoteQuoteContent
  ...inlineWidgetContent
  ...photoGalleryWidgetContent
}

fragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  urlAlias
  shortUrl
  socialHeadline
  headline
}

fragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  subHeadline {
    json
  }
  ...contentSchemaRenderContent
}

fragment entityFollowButtonBase on Base {
  __isBase: __typename
  __typename
  ... on Section {
    entityId
    name
  }
  ... on Author {
    entityId
    name
    disableFollow
  }
  ... on Topic {
    entityId
    name
    disableFollow
  }
}

fragment entityLink on Base {
  __isBase: __typename
  __typename
  entityId
  entityUuid
  urlAlias
  urlRedirect {
    toUrl
    id
  }
  application {
    entityId
    id
  }
  ...helpersAppBarThemeArticle
}

fragment genericArticleArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  ...articlePaywallCheckerContent
}

fragment genericArticleFooterArticle on Article {
  entityId
}

fragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {
  entityId
  urlAlias
}

fragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {
  ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle
}

fragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {
  ...articleSponsorContent
  ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent
  headline
  coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {
    url
  }
  coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {
    url
  }
}

fragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {
  headline
  ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle
  ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle
}

fragment headerOpinionArticle on Article {
  types {
    value {
      name
      description {
        json
      }
      id
    }
  }
  authors {
    name
    image(filter: {type: AUTHOR_IMAGE}) {
      url
    }
    authorLarge: image(filter: {type: AUTHOR_LARGE}) {
      url
    }
    id
  }
  ...contentSchemaRenderContent
}

fragment helpersAppBarThemeArticle on Base {
  __isBase: __typename
  ...helpersArticleSections
  ...helpersCheckIsMorningStudioArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPhotoEssayArticle
}

fragment helpersArticleSections on Article {
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsMorningStudioArticle on Article {
  sponsorType
  articleTypes: types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPhotoEssayArticle on Article {
  articleTypes: types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersFilterSection on Section {
  name
}

fragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {
  ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle
  createdDate
  publishedDate
  paywallTypes {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {
  paywallTypes {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {
  entityId
  name
  alternativeName
  description {
    text
  }
  summary {
    text
  }
  homepageDescription {
    text
  }
}

fragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  urlAlias
}

fragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on Article {
  entityId
}

fragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {
  entityId
  flag
  knowledgeQuestion
  headline
  socialHeadline
  summary {
    text
  }
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  topics {
    sponsor {
      entityId
      id
    }
    id
  }
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  images {
    generic_og: style(filter: {style: "og_image_scmp_generic"}) {
      url
    }
    styles(filter: {styles: ["og_image_scmp_analysis", "og_image_scmp_explainer", "og_image_scmp_fact_check", "og_image_scmp_debate", "og_image_scmp_live", "og_image_scmp_obituary", "og_image_scmp_opinion", "og_image_scmp_review", "og_image_scmp_series", "og_image_scmp_generic"]}) {
      url
      style
    }
    type
  }
  disableOffPlatformContent
  published
  sponsorType
  urlAlias
}

fragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksContentHelperContent
  ... on Article {
    types {
      value {
        name
        entityId
        description {
          text
        }
        id
      }
    }
  }
  flag
  sections {
    value {
      name
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ... on Article {
    types {
      value {
        entityId
        id
      }
    }
  }
  authors {
    entityId
    types
    id
  }
  flag
}

fragment hooksContentInterestArticle on Article {
  entityId
  sentiment
  urlAlias
  types {
    value {
      name
      id
    }
  }
  topics {
    name
    id
  }
}

fragment hooksPaywallPromiseContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
}

fragment hooksPostiesArticleArticle on Article {
  ...articleUtilsArticle
}

fragment hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_4oKxOH on Base {
  __isBase: __typename
  __typename
  ...atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_4oKxOH
  ...atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase
}

fragment hooksUseContentSponsorContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    sponsor {
      ...sponsorTagSponsor
      name
      type
      id
    }
    id
  }
  ... on Article {
    sponsorType
  }
  ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent
}

fragment hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle on Article {
  entityId
  entityUuid
}

fragment hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle on Article {
  entityId
}

fragment hooksUseNotificationsSection on Section {
  ...notificationSection
  entityId
}

fragment imageContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  headline
}

fragment inlineWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent
}

fragment issuesDropdownNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {
  entityId
}

fragment issuesNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {
  types {
    value {
      entityUuid
      id
    }
  }
  ...issuesDropdownNewsletterArticleArticle
}

fragment liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF on Query {
  article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {
    urlAlias
    id
  }
  liveArticle(filter: {entityUuid: $entityUuid}) {
    customTimezone
    liveContents {
      entityId
      publishedDate
      title
      body {
        text
      }
    }
    id
  }
}

fragment morningStudioArticleContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...headerMorningStudioArticle
}

fragment morningStudioArticleFooterContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityUuid
  topics {
    entityUuid
    id
  }
}

fragment newsletterArticleArticle on Article {
  ...contentNewsletterArticleArticle
  ...headerNewsletterArticleArticle
  ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle
}

fragment notificationSection on Section {
  name
}

fragment onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle on Article {
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment opinionArticleContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  ...articlePaywallCheckerContent
  ...headerOpinionArticle
  ...hooksContentHelperContent
  ...contentSchemaRenderContent
}

fragment photoGalleryDialogContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  __typename
  ...contentShareWidgetContent
}

fragment photoGalleryWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...photoGalleryDialogContent
}

fragment pianoIntegrationArticle on Article {
  __typename
  contentLock
  createdDate
  entityId
  entityUuid
  headline
  publishedDate
  sponsor
  sponsorType
  urlAlias
  authors {
    name
    id
  }
  sections {
    value {
      entityUuid
      name
      id
    }
  }
  topics {
    name
    id
  }
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      name
      id
    }
  }
  ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent
  ...helpersAppBarThemeArticle
  ...helpersIsArchiveWallArticle
  ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle
}

fragment scmpYoutubeContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  urlAlias
  publishedDate
}

fragment seriesWidgetContent on Article {
  ...seriesWidgetEntrypointHeadlineContent
  entityId
  seriesContainer {
    ...entityLink
    headline
    series {
      __typename
      ... on Article {
        ...seriesWidgetItemContent
        entityId
        id
      }
      ... on Podcast {
        id
      }
      ... on Video {
        id
      }
    }
    id
  }
}

fragment seriesWidgetEntrypointHeadlineContent on Article {
  entityId
  seriesContainer {
    ...entityLink
    entityId
    headline
    series {
      __typename
      ... on Article {
        entityId
        id
      }
      ... on Podcast {
        id
      }
      ... on Video {
        id
      }
    }
    id
  }
}

fragment seriesWidgetItemContent on Article {
  ...entityLink
  headline
  socialHeadline
  seriesContainer {
    headline
    id
  }
  images {
    title
    url
    isSlideshow
    style(filter: {style: "237x147"}) {
      url
    }
  }
}

fragment sponsorTagSponsor on Sponsor {
  name
  type
  images {
    url
  }
}

fragment subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...articleShareWidgetArticle
  ...articleSponsorContent
}

fragment topPicksWidgetContent on Article {
  entityId
}

fragment topicLinkTopic on Topic {
  ...entityLink
  name
}


advertZone

sentiment

contentLock

topics

types

sections

urlAlias

moreOnThisArticles

commentCount

authorLocations

authors

corrections

displaySlideShow

multimediaEmbed

seriesContainer

printHeadline

glossary

relatedLinks

headline

__typename

createdDate

publishedDate

sponsor

sponsorType

paywallTypes

flag

knowledgeQuestion

socialHeadline

summary

images

disableOffPlatformContent

published

updatedDate

subHeadline

body

keywords

copyrighted

customTimezone

liveContents

Jimmy Chow

Bryant Lu is vice-chairman of Ronald Lu & Partners, an architectural firm. He talks about using 3D printing in designing housing models.
How is 3D printing used in your practice? How does it streamline architectural model making?
Commercial 3D printers can print complex architectural models. The models they print out may represent buildings with complex curves, and can be further processed for painting and finishing. 3D-printed models are also stronger and more durable than traditional handcrafted models. The biggest benefit of working with 3D-printed models is that they help improve communication among team members and clients. It saves on the time and expense that would otherwise be spent on producing building models with complex curvatures using traditional methods. Most importantly, 3D-printed models help us to visualise the final project and serve as a form of prototype that can easily be altered again and again, enabling the client to picture exactly what the building will look like when finished. Overall, 3D-printed models help us save on time, labour costs and materials by reducing the scope for errors due to misunderstandings during the design stage.

How is 3D printing used in various parts of the building and construction sectors?
In building and construction, 3D printing has seen tremendous advancement in recent years. There are various technologies that use 3D printing as a core method for fabricating components, or even houses or other structures, using computer numerical control (CNC) machines – which are cutting and milling machines that are computer controlled. Many different kinds of building materials, such as timber and plastics, are particularly well suited to being machined with the assistance of CNC technology. There are a number of potential advantages associated with using this process, such as faster construction times, lower labour costs, improved accuracy and less wastage. Most importantly, this process allows for one-of-a-kind designs at more affordable costs.

What other building design technologies do you expect to advance?
The integration of BIM [building information modelling] systems and big data will continue to drive industry innovations. As a centralised, shared platform, BIM allows architects, engineers, construction service providers, quantity surveyors and building owners to input data into and retrieve data from the underlying database that drives the 3D model. Changes made to the plans are instantly updated and synchronised throughout the project life cycle, so that every project member is talking the same language, talking about the same plan. As Hong Kong is on the way to developing a spatial data infrastructure, I believe that at some time in the future we will be able to obtain climate data – such as temperature, precipitation and sunshine – in addition to wind maps, as well as other geographical data, which will enable us to design more energy-efficient, green buildings for people to live in, with façades that not only maximise natural light and ventilation flows into the interior, but also minimise heat levels, through data analytics and computer simulation.


How 3D-printed models are benefiting house designers and saving on time and costs

Bryant Lu

Property

3D printing has transformed architectural model making and is helping architects and their clients save on time, labour costs and materials


Weekend Property