All told, China’s electric fleet may swell to 162 million vehicles by 2040, according to forecasts by BloombergNEF.

“The availability of charging facilities has been rising pretty quickly,” said Jing Kai, deputy head of the Beijing unit at Qingdao TGOOD Electric Co, which has the country’s largest network of charging plugs. “The goal is to help EV users charge their cars wherever they go, making it as easy as buying a bottle of water.”

China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), which oversees policymaking for the car sector, did not respond to a faxed query.

EVs are essential to President Xi Jinping’s blueprint for creating a manufacturing superpower by 2025. The nation is building at least 20 “EV towns” for carmakers and ancillary industries, and it spent more than US$30 billion subsidising EV sales. China accounts for more than half of global EV sales.

US carmakers are moving at a slower pace, with Tesla generating most EV sales. The US subsidises some purchases, yet those benefits phase out, and BNEF forecasts sales will slump this year.

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China had 466,101 public charging points by the end of last month, according to the China Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Promotion Alliance. That includes more than 54,000 in Beijing alone.

By comparison, there were 60,652 electric nozzles in the US as of June 25, according to BNEF. California has the most of any state with 19,000 – or about the same amount China adds in an average month.

With global EV sales forecast to rise to 56 million units by 2040, compared with about 2 million last year, there is a need to vastly increase the number of publicly accessible chargers – not just to serve the expanding fleet but also to convince wavering consumers they can switch to electric models without fear of being stuck on the highway with an empty battery.

As the speed of charging pumps increases, motorists increasingly are likely to refuel at workplaces, shopping malls or on the highway.

In the US, carmakers such as Tesla and Volkswagen are leading the push to add more chargers, including high-speed units. The number of points could surpass 400,000 by 2025, according to a forecast by Wood Mackenzie.

Globally, there could be as many as 20 million public charging points installed by 2030, the International Energy Agency forecasts.

Yet even in China, a nation with more chargers than any other, drivers still get frustrated trying to find a spot to juice up.

Tom He drives a 25-seater Nanjing Golden Dragon Bus Co Skywell minivan to shuttle workers between home and workplaces in Beijing, and he can cover as many as 160 kilometres (99 miles) on a single charge.

“It’s not that easy to find an EV charging place,” He said. “It drives people crazy when you can’t charge them.”

Costs also are a consideration, and it is not uncommon to see EV owners lining up to use charging stations at night when electricity prices are lower, TGOOD’s Jing said. The company operates more than 131,000 connectors that fit almost all EV models in China, according to data compiled by BNEF.

“There’s still a long way to go and a lot of issues we need to crack,” Jing said.

Billions of dollars in government funding previously directed at lowering vehicle sticker prices now is being channelled, in part, toward expanding the number of charging stations, minister Miao Wei, head of the MIIT, said in March. Some local authorities are offering incentives to lower construction costs for developers and to cut charging fees for consumers.

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There is a risk that China is rushing too fast to install chargers, especially since the overall car market recorded falling sales in 15 of the past 16 months. That is contributing to fears the nation’s EV bubble is bursting.

Still, BP and Shell, among the energy industry’s biggest investors in cleaner technologies, are making moves to join China’s expansion.

London-based BP in August agreed to form a joint venture with ride-hailing company Didi Chuxing. The two companies opened a pilot site in Guangzhou with 10 fast-charging units.

Shell, which has acquired two companies in the charging sector in the past two years, installed its first EV pump at a regular gas station in Tianjin.

China’s national roll-out means some provinces have more chargers than European nations. The western province of Xinjiang has more public pumps than Turkey or Hungary, while Tibet has more than Belarus and Serbia, BNEF data shows.

“It’s a challenging job to become competitive in the charging equipment business, but we kept investing heavily in leading technologies,” said Yu Dexiang, founder of TGOOD. “Companies that fail to do these things in the future will be gradually eliminated.”