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How China wants to keep controlling the internet

  • A new draft of China’s updated online service regulation spells out the powers and roles of three main government bodies overseeing the internet
  • The Chinese model presents an alternative to the Western model as countries search for a way to better supervise online activities

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China’s new draft regulation on online services sets a clear governance structure as Beijing moves to rein in Big Tech. Illustration: Lau Ka-kuen

The Chinese government has made technology and innovation key priorities in its development plans for the next five years, as it strives to build a “Digital China” and overtake the US as the world’s No 1 economy. In this second part of a series looking at the politicisation of China’s internet landscape, we explain how the planned revamp of a two-decade-old internet regulation could reshape the country’s digital future.

Just six months after US President Bill Clinton’s famous speech in 2000 comparing China’s efforts to control online speech with “nailing Jell-O to the wall”, Beijing took a bold step aimed exactly at achieving that seemingly futile goal. In September that year, Premier Zhu Rongji enacted the Regulation on Internet Information Service, giving authorities a legal basis to manage all companies that provide online users with information, such as news or blog posts.

Now Beijing is prepared to further tighten its grip.

More than 20 years after it came into force, the internet regulation is poised for a complete overhaul. A set of new rules, unveiled by the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) in January, is slated to replace the original regulation this year, fortifying Beijing’s iron grip on the internet and extending its control on domestic tech companies beyond the Chinese border.
Internet users visit Chinese websites at an internet service provider's booth during a computer fair in Beijing on January 27, 2000, eight months before China announced sweeping measures to control the internet.
Internet users visit Chinese websites at an internet service provider's booth during a computer fair in Beijing on January 27, 2000, eight months before China announced sweeping measures to control the internet.

The new version of the regulation has absorbed China’s experience in managing the internet over the years, making it more comprehensive and modern, said Wang Sixin, a law professor at the Communication University of China.

The draft also provides more clarity about the roles of different government bodies, according to Rogier Creemers, China Digital Economy Fellow at New America and postdoctoral scholar in the Law and Governance of China at Leiden University.

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