Human Rights Watch (HRW): A prominent international non-governmental organisation, HRW is headquartered in New York City, USA, with a global presence in over 90 countries. Founded in 1978 as Helsinki Watch, its primary mission is to investigate, document, and expose human rights abuses worldwide. HRW conducts fact-finding, publishes comprehensive reports like the "World Report," and advocates for policy changes to hold governments and other entities accountable. Notable for its independence, refusing government funding, HRW significantly contributed to the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, sharing a Nobel Peace Prize in 1997.