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The long-running territorial dispute over Kashmir dates back to the partition of India in 1947, when Pakistan and India each staked claims to portions of the Himalayan region. The Muslim-majority territory has been the focus of three wars between India and Pakistan. Since 1962, China has also occupied a part of Kashmir along its border, a situation that also led to a short war with India. In addition to war, protests and deadly clashes have plagued Kashmir over the past 70 years. Violence spiked after the 2016 death of Burhan Wani, the young commander of the Kashmir separatist group Hizbul Mujahideen, and 2018 proved to be one of the bloodiest years in Kashmir’s recent history.

The origins of frictions along China and India’s shared border can be traced to the great power politics of the 19th century and earlier. Photo: Shutterstock

China-India relations

Why the harsh words between China and India over a remote, inhospitable valley?

Verbal sparring has thrown an obscure footnote in border tensions into the limelight and exposed the complexities left behind by history.

17 Feb 2026 - 12:00PMvideocam

Kashmir

Why the harsh words between China and India over a remote, inhospitable valley?

Verbal sparring has thrown an obscure footnote in border tensions into the limelight and exposed the complexities left behind by history.

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