‘Uncomfortable signal to China’: Japan’s Suga raises Hong Kong, South China Sea, Xinjiang in phone call with India’s Modi

Japanese PM Yoshihide Suga and India’s Narendra Modi hold phone call ahead of Quad meeting with US President Joe Biden and Australian leader Scott Morrison
The pair pledge to realise a free and open Indo-Pacific as Japan expresses concern over China’s ‘attempts to change status quo’ in disputed seas

China-India relations

Pranay SharmaandKyodo

Published: 12:01am, 10 Mar, 2021

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Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga and his Indian counterpart Narendra Modi said they would work together to realise a free and open Indo-Pacific during a 40-minute phone conversation on Tuesday.

The two leaders agreed to boost cooperation bilaterally as well as with the United States and Australia, the Japanese foreign ministry said. Together the four countries make up the Quad, a group of major democracies that have been strengthening security ties as a counter to China’s increasing influence in the region.

The phone call comes before an expected teleconference between the Quad’s leaders – Suga, Modi, US President Joe Biden and Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison – later this week at which China is expected to be high on the agenda along with coronavirus vaccines and climate change.

During the 40-minute conversation, Suga expressed concern about China’s “unilateral attempts to change the status quo” in the East and South China seas, as well as the situation in Hong Kong and the far-western region of Xinjiang, where Beijing has been accused of human rights abuses against the Muslim Uygur minority.

Japan's Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga. Photo: AFP

Beijing’s moves to implement a national security law in Hong Kong and overhaul the city’s electoral system have prompted criticism from democratic countries including the US, which has accused Beijing of cracking down on “fundamental human rights”. Beijing says the law – which prohibits acts of treason, secession, sedition and subversion – is necessary to ensure stability in the financial hub, which was rocked by months of anti-government protests in 2019.

In the South China Sea, the US has become alarmed at China’s increasingly assertive actions, which have included establishing outposts on artificial islands. China claims about 90 per cent of the sea, where it has territorial disputes with various Southeast Asian countries.

Kanwal Sibal, a former foreign secretary of India, said the phone call and the meeting of the Quad this week would send an “uncomfortable” signal to China.

“The talking points for these conversations are carefully drafted to make the maximum use of time and be to the point. The message conveyed on issues of mutual interest is also important,” Sibal said.

The former diplomat said the phone call needed to be seen in the context of the “change of administration in the US [and] the US National Strategic Security Guidance that spells out a tough US approach to China”.

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The phone call and the Quad meeting were “important developments that will consolidate the Quad politically, commit India more clearly to its security dimension and send an uncomfortable signal to China which sees [these actions] as directed at it.”

K. V. Kesavan, distinguished visiting fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, a New Delhi based think tank, said: “There is no doubt that China’s growing presence in the Indo-Pacific is pushing the two countries closer as both have serious concerns about it.”

He said the phone call was a way of keeping high-level dialogue alive as a physical summit between the two sides had not taken place since 2018.

Suga and Modi, who were speaking over the phone for the first time since September last year, also shared “grave concerns” over the situation in Myanmar, where dozens of protesters against last month’s military coup have been killed by security forces, the Japanese foreign ministry said.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Photo: AFP

Sibal said India and Japan had tried to work together in Myanmar on connectivity issues and to counter China’s influence there. However, he said India did not agree with the US and Australian preference for sanctions. He said India’s interests in Myanmar were different to those of the other three in the Quad because India and Myanmar were neighbours.

“[India] will have to reach a minimum consensus on restoring democracy but not on any coercive measures,” he said, adding that “Quad membership does not mean total alignment of policies on every issue.”

Deepa Wadhwa, a former Indian diplomat who served as ambassador to Japan from 2012 to 2015, said the phone call between the two prime ministers “seemed like a mini summit”.

“Given the extensive ground covered, it was clearly to keep up the momentum of the Special Strategic and Global Partnership that the two sides have,” he said.

Warming Indo-Japanese ties date back to Suga’s predecessor, Shinzo Abe, who in 2006 initiated an annual summit between the countries and shifted Japan’s strategic priority from the “Asia-Pacific” to the “Indo-Pacific” to emphasise India’s importance in the region.

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Abe was also the first to articulate the idea of the Quad, or the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue as it is more fully known, as an informal strategic forum.

Perhaps most significantly, Abe ignored opposition within Japan to conclude a civil nuclear agreement with India in 2018. Meanwhile, economic ties between the country blossomed under Abe.

In 2018-2019, Japan spent a record 522.4 billion yen (US$4.9 billion) on overseas development assistance to India, helping to fund infrastructure including the high-speed rail between Mumbai and Ahmedabad, a dedicated freight corridor in western India, and industrial corridors between Delhi and Mumbai as well as Chennai and Bangalore.

In January this year, India conferred the Padma Vibhushan, the second highest civilian award, on Abe in recognition of his contribution to bilateral ties.

In August 2020, Japan extended a 50 billion yen emergency loan and a 1 billion yen grant to India for developing health and medical systems and for dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic.

After Abe stepped down because of ill-health, there were questions over whether the bilateral relationship would lose steam. But soon after taking over in September 2020 Suga reassured India that the emphasis on Indo-Japanese relations would remain.