How Philippines is reshaping South China Sea defence, 10 years after Hague ruling
Officials and analysts say Manila’s deterrence strategies can now make China ‘at least hesitate’, even though there is still much to be done
The tribunal ruled that China’s nine-dash line had no legal basis and that it had violated Manila’s sovereign rights in its exclusive economic zone, though it did not decide which country owned the disputed reefs and features.
China rejected the proceedings and the ruling, saying the tribunal had no jurisdiction and insisting it had sovereignty over the disputed features. It has since built and militarised artificial islands on reefs also claimed by the Philippines, a development critics cite as proof that the award did little to restrain Beijing.

Speakers at a forum on Friday said the past decade had seen Manila strengthen its ability to raise the cost of what they described as Beijing’s “creeping invasion” into waters the Philippines considers its territory.

