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Status, power, connections ... what’s behind the unprecedented voting fraud in electing China’s most powerful organ?

Although national legislators have little real influence on state policies, they can use the positions to promote their own interests

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A scandal surrounding elections to the National People's Congress has shaken the nation’s legal foundations. Photo: Simon Song
When Xi Jinping became general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party in late 2012, he was poised to become president of the country the following March. However, he still had to go through a “voting” process at the Great Hall of the People during the full plenum of the National People’s Congress, when nearly 3,000 NPC delegates “elected” Xi to the state president position so he could officially and legally become the state leader.

That’s part of the function of China’s National People’s Congress, often slated as a rubber-stamp parliament but – on paper at least – China’s most powerful organ. In theory, the annual gathering of nearly 3,000 people’s delegates, who are “elected” every five years, has the authority to decide every major state policy, review government work reports and approve top state leaders, including the president, the premier, all ministers and the nation’s military commission chiefs.

President Xi Jinping (left) and Premier Li Keqiang vote during a National People's Congress meeting at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing in March. Photo: Simon Song
President Xi Jinping (left) and Premier Li Keqiang vote during a National People's Congress meeting at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing in March. Photo: Simon Song
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On most days when there’s no full-member gathering, the NPC’s Standing Committee exercises the day-to-day parliamentary functions of approving state laws and hearing reports from government ministers.

So, when Beijing announced on Tuesday that as many as 45 members of the Liaoning delegation of the NPC, or almost half that provincial delegation, had been elected by fraud and deprived them of their memberships, it was a scandal on a scale previously unheard of in the history of the People’s Republic. It also raised major constitutional questions about China’s political system, such as, if the people’s delegates are frauds, what then of the decisions that they’ve voted for or endorsed?
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