Why Xi Jinping remains an international man of mystery to most in the US

Watch this man carefully. For at least until November 8, when who follows US President Barack Obama is to be revealed, 2016’s most fascinating leader-figure will be Xi Jinping (習近平 ).

Although ensconced as president three years ago (with all the grandiose title trimmings attached), and immediately outward bound as China’s globetrotting salesman in chief – opening doors, closing deals, scaring the West witless – this Beijing-born son of a Chinese icon remains a totally enigmatic figure. In the US particularly, the avuncular face of China has seemed frustratingly hard to read.

Even in America’s best-informed circles, there is little consensus as to who Xi is. To optimists, especially hopeful economists, he is the keeper of the common-sense flame of Deng Xiaoping (鄧小平), the genius leader who undoubtedly saved Communism politically by all but abandoning it economically.

As Harvard professor Ezra F. Vogel put it in his masterpiece Deng Xiaoping: “Deng guided the transformation of China into a country scarcely recognisable from the one he had inherited in 1978.”

On this reading, the 62-year-old Xi remains the committed Beijing-based gang Deng-er. But, to pessimists, Xi seems more the post-modern Mao man, grumpily chafing over the sins of materialism (now such the topic in the halls of the Central Party School) and the breakdown of party discipline. In some US circles, he is seen as using the current anti-corruption campaign to gin up some kind of loyal Chinese Tea Party. The fear is not only that this true-red Communist will concoct a cultural devolution and trigger a back-to-basics Chinese dynasty, but also that he will push East Asia into a tributary-traditional, Beijing-reliant geopolitical system.

READ MORE: All the president’s men: Xi Jinping earmarks top brass for overhaul of Chinese military

Respected Columbia University professor Andrew Nathan offers pessimism: “I fear that Xi is creating great danger for China. By undercutting the institutionalised system that Deng built, he hangs the survival of the regime on his ability to bear an enormous workload, make the right decisions, and not make big mistakes. He is trying to bottle up a growing diversity of social and intellectual forces that are bound to grow stronger. He may be breaking down, rather than building up, the consensus within the political leadership and among economic and intellectual elites over China’s path of development ... As he departs from Deng Xiaoping’s path, he risks undermining the regime’s adaptability and resilience.”

Such polar-opposite portraits lack key nuance, especially in dealing with one of the most complex systems in political history. As an eminent source sees it: “It is true that Xi has concentrated power to an extent not seen in a long time. But at the core is a life-and-death struggle to re-establish the moral authority of the Communist Party. The reasons for his doing it are not as your Columbia professor thinks but much deeper.”

Xi will always try to take the long view about his China, as if the main monk of a new, emerging Chinese Confucianism. A few months ago he wrote, remarkably: “Future China will be under a group of people with the right view, right mindfulness and positive energy. The real crisis is not of economic or financial, but it is the crisis of morality and spirituality. The more blessed one is, the more energy one has. Be friends with the wise ones, move with those who are kind. Always have the people in mind with boundless great love.”

READ MORE: Xi-Ma summit sends pointed message that cross-strait relations are now too strong to roll back

Such warm words might well strike the Western eye as okay for a spiritual pope but not a secular one – not to mention an avowed Communist atheist whose government demonstrably does not love the irreverent blogger or treacherous tweeter, much less the upstart Uygur. Yet Xi’s massive anti-corruption campaign, headed by the very capable Wang Qishan, at times does have the feeling of a spiritual cleansing (or is it just a commonplace political purge?).