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US-China relations
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Letters | Growing US emphasis on the Himalayan front alters Indo-Pacific security architecture

  • Readers discuss the implications for China of closer US-India military ties, and the Beijing-Moscow friendship

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US and Indian army soldiers carrying the flags of their countries take a break from humanitarian assistance and disaster relief drills during the joint exercise, Yudh Abhyas, in Tapovan, in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, on November 30, 2022. Photo: AP
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The US-India bilateral army exercise, Yudh Abhyas, which took place from September 25 to October 8 in Alaska, focused on “employment of an integrated battle group in mountain/ extreme climatic conditions”, a scenario similar to the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in the Himalayas.

The exercise was conducted concomitantly with the 13th Indo-Pacific Armies Chiefs Conference (IPACC) in New Delhi. The US and India jointly hosted 18 army chiefs on September 26 and 27. How do Yudh Abhyas and IPACC fit into the US Indo-Pacific strategy? Why should China be concerned?

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The LAC unsurprisingly arouses greater political anxiety and national sentiment in India than the South China Sea. To India’s disappointment, “the Himalayas”, “land warfare” and “army” figured neither in the US Indo-Pacific strategy of February 2022 nor the Quad leaders’ joint statement after they met in Hiroshima this year.

However, at IPACC, India’s defence minister said the Indo-Pacific was no longer a maritime construct but a full-fledged “geostrategic construct”, implying that the Indo-Pacific cannot be stable if the Himalayas remain unstable.

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General Randy George, chief of staff of the US army, noted that “land power” contributes to shared security and is “decisive”. He said the IPAAC network is building “a security architecture that binds this region together”, implicitly connecting the security of the LAC with that of the South China Sea.

Lately, there has reportedly been an increase in intelligence sharing between the US and India in the Himalayas. The footprints of the US’ Proliferated Warfighter Space Architecture imagery and the signals intelligence satellites over the LAC are especially relevant. The launch of the bilateral defence acceleration ecosystem INDUS-X in June further expands the exchange of strategic technology and defence cooperation between the two countries.

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