Japan’s central bank raises interest rates for first time since 2007: ‘treading on thin ice’
- It pulled the plug on its ultra-aggressive monetary stimulus programme, hiking rates for the first time since the global financial crisis
- The move will make loans more costly for consumers and businesses, but banks will be able to earn more money from lending
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Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida on Tuesday described the Bank of Japan’s overhaul of its unorthodox monetary easing framework as “appropriate”, promising to keep working with the BOJ to stabilise prices.
The central bank’s policy shift “has stepped into a new phase to generate positive economic outcomes” while “maintaining an accommodative environment,” Kishida told reporters at his office after meeting with BOJ governor Kazuo Ueda.
Japan’s central bank pulled the plug on Tuesday on its ultra-aggressive monetary stimulus programme, hiking rates for the first time since the global financial crisis.
The BOJ’s outlier policy of negative rates and massive asset purchases was aimed at jump-starting economic growth and price rises after the “lost decades” of stagnation and deflation.
But on Tuesday, following months of speculation, the BOJ finally changed its policy rate range from -0.1 per cent to between zero and 0.1 per cent, in its first hike since 2007.
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Officials “assessed the virtuous cycle between wages and prices” and concluded that “the price stability target of two per cent would be achieved in a sustainable and stable manner”, it said.
The move will make loans more expensive for consumers and businesses, but banks will be able to earn more money from lending.
It will also increase Japan’s bill for servicing the national debt, which at around 260 per cent of national output is one of the world’s highest.
The BOJ also called an end to other unorthodox policies, including its yield curve control programme, which allows bonds to move in a tight band, and the purchase of exchange-traded funds because they had “fulfilled their roles”.
But it said it would keep buying long-term government bonds.
Taro Saito, senior economist at NLI Research Institute, said the move was a “great step for the BOJ towards normalisation of its monetary policy it has long craved for”.
The US Federal Reserve and other central banks raised rates to rein in inflation after Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine.
But despite inflation also exceeding four per cent at one point, the BOJ kept its main rate below zero, where it has been since 2016.
Because negative interest rates mean banks lose out by parking capital with the BOJ, the policy was aimed at encouraging them to lend to businesses.
The policy has sharply weakened the yen against the dollar, which is good news for exporters but not for consumers as it made imports more expensive.
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The yen fell past 150 per dollar and stocks gained as the BOJ’s comment that conditions would remain accommodative poured cold water on expectations of more hikes.
“For the BOJ to take a next step, which will probably be a rate hike, a hurdle is high – it has to have clearer signs that the economy is improving,” Saito said.
Inflation has been at or above the BOJ’s target of two per cent for almost two years.
But the BOJ wanted more evidence of rising wages and that inflation was driven by demand instead of temporary factors.
The final piece of the jigsaw appears to have come on Friday when Japan’s largest trade union secured its biggest wage hike since 1991.
BOJ chief Ueda told a news conference on Tuesday the outcome was “an important factor in making our decision”.
But Stefan Angrick at Moody’s said since there is no certainty there will be broader pay gains or stronger domestic demand, adding that the BOJ “is rushing”.
“In the past, when the BOJ has been too eager to tighten policy, a downturn soon followed. Although [Tuesday’s] change is not large enough to do Japan’s economy in, it wouldn’t take much to do further damage,” he said.
“The BOJ is treading on thin ice.”
