In Hamburg, New York, 39-year-old Jennifer Orlando hunkered down with her husband.

“I can’t see across the street,” she said. “We’re not going anywhere.”

Her power was out for four hours after a vehicle slid into a power line on the highway, she said.

The biting cold is an immediate concern for hundreds of thousands of electricity customers who were without power, according to tracker poweroutage.us.

In El Paso, Texas, desperate migrants who had crossed from Mexico huddled for warmth in churches, schools and a civic centre, Rosa Falcon, a schoolteacher and volunteer said.

But some still chose to stay outside in -26 degrees Celsius temperatures because they feared attention from immigration authorities, she added.

In Chicago, Burke Patten of Night Ministry, a non-profit dedicated to helping the homeless, said: “We’ve been handing out cold weather gear, including coats, hats, gloves, thermal underwear, blankets and sleeping bags, along with hand and foot warmers.”

02:25

Millions of Americans face extreme cold as Arctic blast threatens Christmas travel

Millions of Americans face extreme cold as Arctic blast threatens Christmas travel

Major Caleb Senn, Chicago area commander for the Salvation Army, said the organisation had centres open for people to shelter from the fierce weather.

“Some of the people we’re seeing right now, they’ve just become homeless this year,” he said.

“Some of these people are actually frightened. This is the first time they’ve been in the elements without someplace to go.”

Some, however, were taking the biting cold in their stride.

In Canada, stoic last-minute holiday shoppers in downtown Toronto shrugged off the plunging temperatures.

Jennifer Campbell, of Caledon, Ontario, said: “I think every few years we get some big storms and we just adjust. We are Canadians, that’s the way we do it.”

Transport departments in North and South Dakota, Oklahoma, Iowa and elsewhere reported near-zero visibility whiteouts, ice-covered roads and blizzard conditions, and strongly urged residents to stay home.

At least two traffic fatalities were reported in Oklahoma on Thursday. Andy Beshear, governor of Kentucky, confirmed three in his state.

In Ohio, a 50-vehicle pile-up left at least one person dead, according to local media, while in Michigan an accident involving nine tractor trailers snarled traffic.

Drivers were being warned not to take to the roads – even as the nation reached what is usually its busiest time of year for travel.

“This is an epic, statewide hazard,” New York Governor Kathy Hochul said at a press briefing.

“The roads are going to be like an ice-skating rink and your tyres cannot handle this.”

Meanwhile, Mayor Eric Adams was nowhere to be found on Friday as the winter storm bore down on New York City.

High-ranking officials in his administration said Adams took two days off starting Thursday and that he’d return to work on Saturday. They refused to divulge where he was.

“I certainly do know where he is,” Lorraine Grillo, Adams’ first deputy mayor, told reporters. “Let me just say this to you – he might as well be here, because we’ve been speaking constantly throughout the day.”

Around 5,000 US flights were cancelled on Friday and another 7,600 delayed, according to flight tracking website FlightAware, many at international hubs in New York, Seattle and Chicago’s O’Hare.

The knock-on effects were spreading misery even to travellers arriving in balmy Los Angeles.

Christine Lerosen told ABC 7 she had been unable to find a flight out of Vancouver.

“I had to get my brother to drive me down to Seattle – had to book a flight out of Seattle to go to Denver, to fly here. My Seattle flight was delayed, my Denver flight was delayed and now they lost my luggage,” she said.

By Friday afternoon, the storm had acquired the status of “bomb cyclone” after air pressure dropped precipitously over 24 hours.

Bomb cyclones produce heavy rain or snow. They can also cause flooding at coasts, and generate hurricane-force wind.

Meteorologist Kelsey McEwen in Toronto tweeted that waves of up to 8m have been reported in Lake Erie, while in Ohio’s Fairport Harbor, winds gusted to 120kph, the NWS tweeted.

Rich Maliawco, lead forecaster for the NWS in Glasgow, Montana, where wind chill plunged to -51 degrees Celsius overnight, warned the weather was extremely dangerous.

“With these kinds of wind chills, if you’re not wearing those warm layers … unprotected skin can get frostbite in less than five minutes,” he said.

Conditions were cold enough for people to post videos of themselves carrying out the “boiling water challenge,” where boiling water is thrown into the air and instantly freezes.

“We created our own cloud @ -17° F (-27° C) at the #Missoula International Airport,” tweeted NWS Missoula in Montana.

Additional reporting by Tribune News Service