Letters | Iran war has underlined benefits of China’s ‘energy realism’ approach
Readers discuss the energy implications of the most recent conflict in the Middle East, and the strategic adaptations taking place

This green expansion serves as a strategic firewall, designed to decouple industrial growth from the volatile shipping lanes of the Persian Gulf.
Yet, the “green China” narrative glosses over its most pragmatic pillar: coal. China has quietly leveraged this fuel as a strategic anchor, proving that geopolitical realism often trumps ideological purity.
Despite reaching a record 1,840 gigawatts of wind and solar capacity in 2025, coal remains the bedrock of the grid in China. With vast domestic reserves in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and beyond, coal continues to anchor the power system when wind and solar output fluctuates – increasingly important as electrification and artificial intelligence-driven data-centre demand accelerate.