bodyType

customContents

entityId

printArticlePageQuery

filter

article

body

urlAlias

articleSectionsContent

articleSeoArticle

articleSourceHeaderArticle

contentSchemaRenderContent

contentSubHeadlineContent

contentHeadlineContent

mainImagePrintArticleArticle

authorBlockPrintArticleArticle

contentSponsorTagContent

articlePianoPaywallContent

scmpYoutubeContent

hooksTrackPageViewArticle

query printArticlePageQuery(
  $entityId: String!
  $customContents: [CustomContentInput]
  $bodyType: BodyFormatTypeEnum
) {
  article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {
    entityId
    body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {
      json
    }
    urlAlias
    ...articleSectionsContent
    ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4
    ...articleSourceHeaderArticle
    ...contentSchemaRenderContent
    ...contentSubHeadlineContent
    ...contentHeadlineContent
    ...mainImagePrintArticleArticle
    ...authorBlockPrintArticleArticle
    ...contentSponsorTagContent
    ...articlePianoPaywallContent
    ...scmpYoutubeContent
    ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle
    id
  }
}

fragment articlePianoPaywallContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent
}

fragment articleSectionsContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  sections {
    value {
      ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection
      ...entityLink
      name
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {
  ...hooksArticleSeoArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
  ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle
  entityId
  publishedDate
  updatedDate
  summary {
    text
  }
  subHeadline {
    text
  }
  body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {
    text
  }
  keywords
  sections {
    value {
      name
      id
    }
  }
  topics {
    name
    entityId
    id
  }
  urlAlias
  authors {
    name
    id
  }
  images {
    style(filter: {style: "768x768"}) {
      url
    }
  }
  readingTime
}

fragment articleSourceHeaderArticle on Article {
  urlAlias
  ...entityLink
}

fragment authorBlockPrintArticleArticle on Article {
  ...defaultArticleDateContent
  ...authorNamesArticle
}

fragment authorNameAuthor on Author {
  ...entityLink
  name
  entityUuid
}

fragment authorNamesArticle on Article {
  authorLocations
  authors {
    entityId
    location
    ...authorNameAuthor
    id
  }
}

fragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...contentShareWidgetContent
}

fragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  headline
  socialHeadline
  ...contentHeadlineTagContent
  ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent
}

fragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent
}

fragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    relatedNewsletters {
      ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
      id
    }
    id
  }
  sections {
    value {
      relatedNewsletters {
        ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
        id
      }
      id
    }
  }
  ... on Article {
    relatedNewsletters {
      ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...blockquoteQuoteContent
  ...imageContent
  ...inlineWidgetContent
  ...photoGalleryWidgetContent
  ...scmpYoutubeContent
}

fragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  urlAlias
  shortUrl
  socialHeadline
  headline
}

fragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent
}

fragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  subHeadline {
    json
  }
  summary {
    json
  }
  ...contentSchemaRenderContent
}

fragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent
}

fragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {
  __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename
  __typename
  entityId
  entityUuid
  urlAlias
  urlRedirect {
    toUrl
    id
  }
  application {
    entityId
    id
  }
  ... on Section {
    fullSectionPath {
      entityId
      id
    }
    parentSection
  }
  ...helpersAppBarVariantBase
  ...helpersApplicationBase
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle
  ...helpersStyleSectionContent
}

fragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {
  __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename
  ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage
  ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle
  ...helpersSectionContent
  ...helpersStyleSectionContent
}

fragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {
  __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage
}

fragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {
  name
}

fragment helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle on Article {
  entityId
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  disableOffPlatformContent
  sponsorType
  published
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
}

fragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {
  flattenTypeIds
  liveArticle {
    status
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ... on Article {
    paywallTypes {
      entityUuid
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {
  urlAlias
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {
  urlAlias
}

fragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ... on Article {
    types {
      value {
        entityId
        id
      }
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {
  entityId
  name
  alternativeName
  description {
    text
  }
  summary {
    text
  }
  homepageDescription {
    text
  }
}

fragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {
  authors {
    types
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {
  authors {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersSectionContent on Section {
  fullSectionPath {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {
  fullSectionPath {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    sponsor {
      ...sponsorTagSponsor
      name
      type
      id
    }
    id
  }
  ... on Article {
    sponsorType
  }
  ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent
}

fragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  createdDate
  publishedDate
  updatedDate
}

fragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle
  ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent
  ...helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle
  entityId
  headline
  socialHeadline
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  authors {
    entityId
    id
  }
  images {
    generic_og: style(filter: {style: "og_image_scmp_generic"}) {
      url
    }
    styles(filter: {styles: ["og_image_posties_article", "og_postmag", "og_image_style", "og_image_scmp_analysis", "og_image_scmp_explainer", "og_image_scmp_editorial", "og_image_scmp_fact_check", "og_image_scmp_debate", "og_image_scmp_live", "og_image_scmp_obituary", "og_image_scmp_opinion", "og_image_scmp_review", "og_image_scmp_series", "og_image_scmp_generic"]}) {
      url
      style
    }
    type
  }
  urlAlias
}

fragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  __typename
  ... on Article {
    types {
      value {
        name
        entityId
        description {
          text
        }
        id
      }
    }
    ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle
  }
  flag
  sections {
    value {
      name
      id
    }
  }
  ...hooksContentHelperContent
}

fragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle
  ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle
  ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle
  flag
}

fragment hooksPaywallPromiseContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
}

fragment hooksTrackPageViewArticle on Article {
  entityId
  publishedDate
  headline
  sections {
    value {
      name
      id
    }
  }
  urlAlias
  authors {
    name
    id
  }
  entityUuid
}

fragment imageContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  headline
  ...checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent
}

fragment inlineWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent
}

fragment mainImagePrintArticleArticle on Article {
  images {
    title
    url
    isSlideshow
    size_652x446: style(filter: {style: "652x446"}) {
      url
    }
  }
}

fragment photoGalleryDialogContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  __typename
  ...contentShareWidgetContent
}

fragment photoGalleryWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...photoGalleryDialogContent
}

fragment scmpYoutubeContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  urlAlias
  publishedDate
}

fragment sponsorTagSponsor on Sponsor {
  name
  type
  images {
    url
  }
}


sections

types

disableOffPlatformContent

sponsorType

published

headline

socialHeadline

authors

images

publishedDate

updatedDate

summary

subHeadline

keywords

topics

readingTime

authorLocations

entityUuid

Letters

HK’s education system must be overhauled
A decent education is not affordable in Hong Kong, nor is it up to international standards.
A rigid system is in place, with children starting their education as young as three, so they do not miss out on future placements at kindergartens and schools. This means they are ­deprived of a normal childhood and their youth, the joys of ­playing and exploring a world they are supposed to inherit.
International schools here charge HK$3 million to HK$5 million for debentures and there are waiting lists. Their students’ goals are to get a ­degree and ­follow a career path outside Hong Kong. There is no intention to nurture local talent.
When it comes to education there are three stakeholders – parents, students and teachers.
The government should be a coordinator and facilitator, not a regulator. Sadly, our education secretary, Eddie Ng Hak-kim seems to be completely out of touch with what changes are needed in our education ­system.
A country, state or city that is not investing in its future, and making adjustments where needed, is doomed.
We have to make it clear to the government and vested ­interests that white elephant projects like the Hong Kong- Zhuhai-Macau Bridge, fast-train connection to Guangzhou and indeed a third runway, are getting in the way of nurturing, educating and investing in our future generation.
The last Legislative Council election proved that the days of the vested interests (old boys’ clubs) are over. So let’s turn the page. It is time for Mr Ng to be ­replaced. The new education chief must overhaul an education ­system that is at least 30 years out of date.
Hong Kong has a future for sure, but do we have the courage to invest in it?
Our tycoons will move out with their fortunes. This is the chance for Hongkongers to take their place and reshape the city into an affordable and educated society.
Peter den Hartog, Tuen Mun
Peer rivalry raising pupils’ stress levels
I refer to the letter by Lydia Woo (“Parents can help reduce stress levels”, September 19).
I agree that the education system puts students under too much stress. And the problem is exacerbated by such a competitive environment with rivalry between peers, whether it is in their studies or in sports.
Youngsters find they are ­having to study harder than ever ­before to get higher marks.
Competition is not a bad thing; in fact it can be constructive, as can peer rivalry. But, when the pressure is just too much, it does more harm than good.
Students must learn to strike the right balance and lower stress levels by making the time to rest and relax.
Tommy Yeung,Tseung Kwan O
Thinking back to the birth of a movement
Occupy Central was launched on September 28, 2014, with the Love and Peace movement ­saying they would begin their civil disobedience campaign immediately.
These activists were protesting over the ruling of the ­Standing Committee of the ­National People’s Congress on the chief executive election for 2017.
Eventually the protests would collectively be known as the “umbrella movement”.
As I was thinking about this approaching the second anniversary, I remembered my thoughts when it started. I sat at home and watched the news. I didn’t realise what was going on and did not even join the school boycott.
However, since then in ­liberal studies classes I have learned a lot more.
Two years ago views were polarised with some people backing the protesters and ­others the government and the police.
I could see that they both had a case. The police had a duty to protect law and order in Hong Kong, the activists were fighting for freedom.
However, some protests turned violent and I did not agree with those protesters who went too far nor with police use of pepper spray.
Citizens and police have to reflect on this and recognise that these protests get worldwide news coverage. If there is ­violence, this can hurt Hong Kong’s reputation as a food and shopping paradise, and put off some potential ­visitors.
Two years later and now there is talk of independence, with the Hong Kong government condemning advocates who want Hong Kong to go it alone.
However, I do not understand why we should not talk about it. Why can’t students ­discuss independence in liberal studies classes? It is after all a core subject in schools and ­students have a right to know more about this topical issue.
Of course, it would not be feasible for Hong Kong to be an independent state.
The city does not have its own military and it cannot be self-sufficient, but that does not mean that people cannot talk about the concept of independence. The more they discuss it the more likely they are to realise that it is a non-starter.
Christy Lam, Po Lam
Establishment in France hypocritical
In his letter (“Why French take hard line over burqinis”, ­September 25), Francois Moirez attributes wearing a burqini as an obvious sign a person does not wish to accept the customs and habits of the country where they “have decided to live”.
Politicians too talk ­constantly about integration, and then proceed to push to the fringes the very women they claim are oppressed and ­excluded from society. Telling Muslim women they have to be at least semi-naked in order to prove their inclusiveness is ­astonishingly hypocritical.
In France, a nun in traditional dress is seen as going about her day, whereas a woman in a headscarf is taking over public space in the name of Islam. If there was any doubt that the French belief in freedom of ­expression is wholly one-sided, it has surely vanished now.
France cannot be in favour of free expression when it offends Muslims, but whines about provocation when Muslims and others choose to be different.
It seems that when the ­Saudis tell you how to dress it is oppression, but when France does it, it’s called liberation. If women in thongs and string ­bikinis can express themselves, who is being harmed if a women chooses to cover up on a beach?
A burqini is simply a ­garment, for example, for a modest person, someone with skin cancer, or a new mother who doesn’t want to wear a ­bikini. It is not symbolic of Islam. As sociologist Agnès De Féo said during an interview with CBS News, it is easier to ­accuse French Muslims “than to solve real social problems: unemployment, poverty, and social ­inequality”.
The French establishment talks about “liberty, equality, ­fraternity”. It claims to want Muslim women to achieve independence from their men, but deprives them of the means to acquire it, by keeping them ­indoors.
This is a betrayal of its own core values.
Siddiq Bazarwala, Discovery Bay
Carbon dioxide has beneficial role on earth
I refer to the letter by Lee Sai-ming, senior scientific officer of the Hong Kong Observatory (“There is clearly a significant warming trend”, September 16).
The temperature record since 1885 based on the Observatory’s headquarters station, in spite of the well-known urban heat island effect, has failed to show a clear-cut warming trend.
Two long pauses in temperature rise can be seen from the record. The most recent pause is from 1998 to 2015 (17 years) ­followed by an even longer pause from 1966 to 1998 (32 years).
The Observatory’s sea-level record in Victoria Harbour also shows a pause in sea-level rise from 1999 to 2015 (16 years).
Why does Mr Lee ­explain the warming trend since the mid-20th century entirely as a contribution of human influence through greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions?
Future generations will look back at the blunders the world is making now through resource wastage on reducing carbon dioxide while ignoring its beneficial role as a life-giving gas.
Wyss Yim, Pok Fu Lam



Letters to the Editor, September 28, 2016

First day of the Occupy Central protests in Harcourt Road, Admiralty. Photo: Sam Tsang

Opinion