bodyType

customContents

entityId

printArticlePageQuery

filter

article

body

urlAlias

articleSectionsContent

articleSeoArticle

articleSourceHeaderArticle

contentSchemaRenderContent

contentSubHeadlineContent

contentHeadlineContent

mainImagePrintArticleArticle

authorBlockPrintArticleArticle

contentSponsorTagContent

articlePianoPaywallContent

scmpYoutubeContent

hooksTrackPageViewArticle

query printArticlePageQuery(
  $entityId: String!
  $customContents: [CustomContentInput]
  $bodyType: BodyFormatTypeEnum
) {
  article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {
    entityId
    body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {
      json
    }
    urlAlias
    ...articleSectionsContent
    ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4
    ...articleSourceHeaderArticle
    ...contentSchemaRenderContent
    ...contentSubHeadlineContent
    ...contentHeadlineContent
    ...mainImagePrintArticleArticle
    ...authorBlockPrintArticleArticle
    ...contentSponsorTagContent
    ...articlePianoPaywallContent
    ...scmpYoutubeContent
    ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle
    id
  }
}

fragment articlePianoPaywallContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent
}

fragment articleSectionsContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  sections {
    value {
      ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection
      ...entityLink
      name
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {
  ...hooksArticleSeoArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
  ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle
  entityId
  publishedDate
  updatedDate
  summary {
    text
  }
  subHeadline {
    text
  }
  body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {
    text
  }
  keywords
  sections {
    value {
      name
      id
    }
  }
  topics {
    name
    entityId
    id
  }
  urlAlias
  authors {
    name
    id
  }
  images {
    style(filter: {style: "768x768"}) {
      url
    }
  }
  readingTime
}

fragment articleSourceHeaderArticle on Article {
  urlAlias
  ...entityLink
}

fragment authorBlockPrintArticleArticle on Article {
  ...defaultArticleDateContent
  ...authorNamesArticle
}

fragment authorNameAuthor on Author {
  ...entityLink
  name
  entityUuid
}

fragment authorNamesArticle on Article {
  authorLocations
  authors {
    entityId
    location
    ...authorNameAuthor
    id
  }
}

fragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...contentShareWidgetContent
}

fragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  headline
  socialHeadline
  ...contentHeadlineTagContent
  ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent
}

fragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent
}

fragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    relatedNewsletters {
      ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
      id
    }
    id
  }
  sections {
    value {
      relatedNewsletters {
        ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
        id
      }
      id
    }
  }
  ... on Article {
    relatedNewsletters {
      ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...blockquoteQuoteContent
  ...imageContent
  ...inlineWidgetContent
  ...photoGalleryWidgetContent
  ...scmpYoutubeContent
}

fragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  urlAlias
  shortUrl
  socialHeadline
  headline
}

fragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent
}

fragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  subHeadline {
    json
  }
  summary {
    json
  }
  ...contentSchemaRenderContent
}

fragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent
}

fragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {
  __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename
  __typename
  entityId
  entityUuid
  urlAlias
  urlRedirect {
    toUrl
    id
  }
  application {
    entityId
    id
  }
  ... on Section {
    fullSectionPath {
      entityId
      id
    }
    parentSection
  }
  ...helpersAppBarVariantBase
  ...helpersApplicationBase
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle
  ...helpersStyleSectionContent
}

fragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {
  __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename
  ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage
  ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle
  ...helpersSectionContent
  ...helpersStyleSectionContent
}

fragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {
  __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage
}

fragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {
  name
}

fragment helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle on Article {
  entityId
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  disableOffPlatformContent
  sponsorType
  published
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
}

fragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {
  flattenTypeIds
  liveArticle {
    status
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ... on Article {
    paywallTypes {
      entityUuid
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {
  urlAlias
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {
  urlAlias
}

fragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  sections {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ... on Article {
    types {
      value {
        entityId
        id
      }
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {
  entityId
  name
  alternativeName
  description {
    text
  }
  summary {
    text
  }
  homepageDescription {
    text
  }
}

fragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {
  authors {
    types
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {
  authors {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersSectionContent on Section {
  fullSectionPath {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {
  fullSectionPath {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    sponsor {
      ...sponsorTagSponsor
      name
      type
      id
    }
    id
  }
  ... on Article {
    sponsorType
  }
  ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent
}

fragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  createdDate
  publishedDate
  updatedDate
}

fragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle
  ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent
  ...helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle
  entityId
  headline
  socialHeadline
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  authors {
    entityId
    id
  }
  images {
    generic_og: style(filter: {style: "og_image_scmp_generic"}) {
      url
    }
    styles(filter: {styles: ["og_image_posties_article", "og_postmag", "og_image_style", "og_image_scmp_analysis", "og_image_scmp_explainer", "og_image_scmp_editorial", "og_image_scmp_fact_check", "og_image_scmp_debate", "og_image_scmp_live", "og_image_scmp_obituary", "og_image_scmp_opinion", "og_image_scmp_review", "og_image_scmp_series", "og_image_scmp_generic"]}) {
      url
      style
    }
    type
  }
  urlAlias
}

fragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  __typename
  ... on Article {
    types {
      value {
        name
        entityId
        description {
          text
        }
        id
      }
    }
    ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle
  }
  flag
  sections {
    value {
      name
      id
    }
  }
  ...hooksContentHelperContent
}

fragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle
  ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle
  ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle
  flag
}

fragment hooksPaywallPromiseContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle
}

fragment hooksTrackPageViewArticle on Article {
  entityId
  publishedDate
  headline
  sections {
    value {
      name
      id
    }
  }
  urlAlias
  authors {
    name
    id
  }
  entityUuid
}

fragment imageContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  headline
  ...checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent
}

fragment inlineWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent
}

fragment mainImagePrintArticleArticle on Article {
  images {
    title
    url
    isSlideshow
    size_652x446: style(filter: {style: "652x446"}) {
      url
    }
  }
}

fragment photoGalleryDialogContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  __typename
  ...contentShareWidgetContent
}

fragment photoGalleryWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...photoGalleryDialogContent
}

fragment scmpYoutubeContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  urlAlias
  publishedDate
}

fragment sponsorTagSponsor on Sponsor {
  name
  type
  images {
    url
  }
}


sections

types

disableOffPlatformContent

sponsorType

published

headline

socialHeadline

authors

images

publishedDate

updatedDate

summary

subHeadline

keywords

topics

readingTime

authorLocations

entityUuid

Minghe Hu

Yuan Jinhui, the 40-year-old founder of OneFlow Technology in Beijing, believes his company will one day rival Google’s TensorFlow and Facebook’s Pytorch to become the mainstream AI computing framework of choice and, through this accomplishment, he can become China’s answer to Jeff Dean, the American computer scientist who heads Google’s artificial intelligence research
In an interview with the South China Morning Post, the grey-haired Yuan, one of a group of Chinese scientists whose research may help the country become an AI superpower, said that it is only a matter of time for OneFlow, an open-source framework released last summer.
“I have always been trying to achieve it, and I know my work is still lagging far behind Dean’s accomplishment,” said Yuan, who started the company in 2017 when he saw an opening in the deep learning framework market.
“But the framework of OneFlow is faster than Google’s, and I believe our ecosystem could eventually compete with theirs.”



OneFlow is a newcomer in the area of open-source AI frameworks for machine learning, which is similar to operating systems for personal computers. 
While Google and Facebook are the preferred frameworks globally, major Chinese technology firms are racing to come up with their own: Huawei developed Mindspore, Megvii launched MegEngine, and Baidu has its Paddle Paddle platform.
Beijing named AI as a key technology to develop in its 14th five-year plan, with the area expected to be a battlefield for China and the US as they jostle for supremacy.
US leads world on artificial intelligence but China is catching up: study
While China’s main advantage comes from the vast amounts of data from its 1.4 billion people, the country still has yet to figure out how to rapidly train its AI models using massive data inputs. 
While working as an AI scientist at Microsoft Research Asia to create a large-scale machine learning platform in 2014, Yuan developed a light training algorithm system using only dozens of servers that could process highly complex calculations.
The achievement brought Yuan recognition as the system was used in Microsoft’s search engine and gave him an inkling about the future growth potential of data and AI models. It also echoed his research into computational neuroscience for his post-doctoral degree.
“Biological neural networks are at least 1,000 times larger than the current largest artificial ones, which means the scale of the framework would be a key component for future AI development,” Yuan said. 




Seeing the huge demand for data and AI models, he left Microsoft and created OneFlow, which supports AI applications in image processing, voice recognition, text and ad recommendation systems. 
Last year, the company’s revenue was 13 million yuan (US$2 million), but Yuan expects that to double this year as more customers are willing to try a domestic AI framework. 
Researchers believe new AI frameworks have a chance to shine. “The current popular frameworks were designed about eight years ago with an original goal to support supervised models, such as those for computer vision,” said Luo Mai, an assistant professor at the University of Edinburgh and a specialist in machine learning systems.  
“Those models are much smaller compared to the giant AI models that are emerging today. Nowadays, we are expecting a framework that is designed to support much bigger models and target wider applications.”
At the same time, Beijing is throwing support behind its own AI labs to cut reliance on US tools. Despite an ambitious plan to become a global leader in AI by 2030, nearly all small- to mid-sized Chinese AI companies rely on open-source platforms from the US.

“Open-source deep learning frameworks are fundamental and critical for AI technology, and 90 per cent of current applications in the market are rooted in them,” said Lu Yanxia, associate research director at IDC China. “It is a problem you cannot get around for a domestic replacement in AI innovation.”
Huawei, the telecoms giant struggling under strict US trade sanctions, is investing significant sums to build an AI ecosystem, from deep learning frameworks to AI chips and cloud computing. 
“The best scenario for AI frameworks is to combine novel software design with hardware innovation because such a combination can often lead to tens or even hundreds of times improvement in computational efficiency,” said the University of Edinburgh’s Mai.
“It will give the framework an unsurpassed competitive advantage.
Yuan’s vision for OneFlow is for it to become the most popular AI framework in the world.  To achieve that goal at home first, the company is working with the Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence and Hangzhou-based Zhejiang Lab, along with top-tier universities and institutions, including Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University and the Chinese Academy of Science, to give students and academia the chance to know and use OneFlow. 
It is also winning over investors. In February, A-round fundraising with Hillhouse raised 50 million yuan, (US$7.7 million) and since then more investors have expressed interest. 

Yuan said OneFlow has received local government support in the form of tax breaks, talent recruitment and R&D funding, and in March Beijing’s Communist Party secretary, Cai Qi, visited the company’s headquarters, a sign of the high level of support for technology innovation.
Since launching four years ago, OneFlow’s staff has grown from three, including Yuan, to more than 50. These days, Yuan said he chases investors during the day and writes code at night - a lifestyle that baffled his former colleagues and frustrated his family. 
“I was running into walls all the time. Former colleagues couldn’t understand why I gave up a stable job and started a company … even my family couldn’t agree with me,” said Yuan, who added that investors have been more rational about his vision.
Raised by parents who worked as wheat farmers in northern Hebei province, Yuan was the top student at his school. 
After graduating with a bachelor’s degree in computer science from Xidian University in northwestern Shaanxi province, he was admitted to a doctoral programme at Tsinghua University, studying with Zhang Bo, a well-known AI scientist in China and a fellow of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 
“I have always been looking for a sense of accomplishment. Everyone should do the same, look for areas where they have a competitive edge,” Yuan said.






How one man’s dream to rival Google’s AI chief reflects China’s quest for tech supremacy

OneFlow is a start-up in the area of open-source AI frameworks for machine learning. Photo: Handout

Before founding OneFlow, Yuan Jinhui worked as an AI scientist for Microsoft China. Photo: EPA-EFE

Yuan Jinhui, the founder of OneFlow Technology in Beijing. Photo: Handout

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Beijing named AI as a key focus in its 14th five-year plan, with the area expected to be a battlefield as China and the US jostle for tech supremacy
Since launching four years ago, OneFlow’s staff has grown from three, including founder Yuan Jinhui, to more than 50



Newcomer OneFlow is competing with bigger Chinese rivals like Huawei to develop open-source AI frameworks to reduce China’s reliance on US platforms like Google and Facebook.


How one man’s dream to rival Google’s AI chief reflects China’s quest for tech supremacy

Beijing named AI as a key focus in its 14th five-year plan, with the area expected to be a battlefield as China and the US jostle for tech supremacy Since launching four years ago, OneFlow’s staff has grown from three, including founder Yuan Jinhui, to more than 50

Beijing named AI as a key focus in its 14th five-year plan, with the area expected to be a battlefield as China and the US jostle for tech supremacy

Since launching four years ago, OneFlow’s staff has grown from three, including founder Yuan Jinhui, to more than 50