bodyType

customContents

entityId

printArticlePageQuery

filter

article

body

urlAlias

articleSectionsContent

articleSeoArticle

articleSourceHeaderArticle

contentSchemaRenderContent

contentSubHeadlineContent

contentHeadlineContent

mainImagePrintArticleArticle

authorBlockPrintArticleArticle

contentSponsorTagContent

articlePianoPaywallContent

scmpYoutubeContent

hooksTrackPageViewArticle

query printArticlePageQuery(
  $entityId: String!
  $customContents: [CustomContentInput]
  $bodyType: BodyFormatTypeEnum
) {
  article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {
    entityId
    body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {
      json
    }
    urlAlias
    ...articleSectionsContent
    ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4
    ...articleSourceHeaderArticle
    ...contentSchemaRenderContent
    ...contentSubHeadlineContent
    ...contentHeadlineContent
    ...mainImagePrintArticleArticle
    ...authorBlockPrintArticleArticle
    ...contentSponsorTagContent
    ...articlePianoPaywallContent
    ...scmpYoutubeContent
    ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle
    id
  }
}

fragment articlePianoPaywallContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent
}

fragment articleSectionsContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  sectionsV2 {
    value {
      __typename
      ... on Section {
        name
        published
      }
      ... on VideoSection {
        name
        published
      }
      ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection
      ...entityLink
      ... on Node {
        __isNode: __typename
        id
      }
    }
  }
}

fragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {
  ...hooksArticleSeoArticle
  ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle
  entityId
  publishedDate
  updatedDate
  summary {
    text
  }
  subHeadline {
    text
  }
  body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {
    text
  }
  keywords
  sectionsV2 {
    value {
      __typename
      ... on Section {
        name
      }
      ... on Node {
        __isNode: __typename
        id
      }
    }
  }
  topics {
    name
    entityId
    id
  }
  urlAlias
  authors {
    name
    id
  }
  images {
    style(filter: {style: "768x768"}) {
      url
    }
  }
  readingTime
}

fragment articleSourceHeaderArticle on Article {
  urlAlias
  ...entityLink
}

fragment authorBlockPrintArticleArticle on Article {
  ...defaultArticleDateContent
  ...authorNamesArticle
}

fragment authorNameAuthor on Author {
  ...entityLink
  name
  entityUuid
}

fragment authorNamesArticle on Article {
  authorLocations
  authors {
    entityId
    location
    ...authorNameAuthor
    id
  }
}

fragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...contentShareWidgetContent
}

fragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  headline
  socialHeadline
  ...contentHeadlineTagContent
  ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent
}

fragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent
}

fragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    relatedNewsletters {
      ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
      id
    }
    id
  }
  sectionsV2 {
    value {
      __typename
      ... on Section {
        relatedNewsletters {
          ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
          id
        }
      }
      ... on Node {
        __isNode: __typename
        id
      }
    }
  }
  ... on Article {
    relatedNewsletters {
      ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...blockquoteQuoteContent
  ...hooksInlinePlusWidgetContent
  ...imageContent
  ...inlineWidgetContent
  ...photoGalleryWidgetContent
  ...scmpYoutubeContent
}

fragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  __typename
  entityId
  urlAlias
  shortUrl
  socialHeadline
  headline
  ... on Video {
    youtubeId
  }
}

fragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent
}

fragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  subHeadline {
    json
  }
  summary {
    json
  }
  ...contentSchemaRenderContent
}

fragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent
}

fragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {
  __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename
  __typename
  entityId
  entityUuid
  urlAlias
  urlRedirect {
    toUrl
    id
  }
  application {
    entityId
    id
  }
  ... on Section {
    fullSectionPath {
      entityId
      id
    }
    parentSection
  }
  ...helpersAppBarVariantBase
  ...helpersApplicationBase
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle
  ...helpersStyleSectionContent
}

fragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {
  __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename
  ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage
  ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle
  ...helpersSectionContent
  ...helpersStyleSectionContent
}

fragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {
  __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage
}

fragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on SectionUnion {
  __isSectionUnion: __typename
  ... on Section {
    name
  }
  ... on VideoSection {
    name
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle on Article {
  entityId
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  sectionsV2 {
    value {
      __typename
      ... on Section {
        entityId
      }
      ... on Node {
        __isNode: __typename
        id
      }
    }
  }
  disableOffPlatformContent
  sponsorType
  published
  ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle
}

fragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {
  flattenTypeIds
  liveArticle {
    status
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ... on Article {
    paywallTypes {
      entityUuid
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {
  urlAlias
}

fragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  sectionsV2 {
    value {
      __typename
      ... on Section {
        entityId
      }
      ... on Node {
        __isNode: __typename
        id
      }
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  sectionsV2 {
    value {
      __typename
      ... on Section {
        entityId
      }
      ... on VideoSection {
        entityId
      }
      ... on Node {
        __isNode: __typename
        id
      }
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ... on Article {
    types {
      value {
        entityId
        id
      }
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {
  entityId
  name
  alternativeName
  description {
    text
  }
  summary {
    text
  }
  homepageDescription {
    text
  }
}

fragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
}

fragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {
  authors {
    types
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {
  authors {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersSectionContent on Section {
  fullSectionPath {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {
  fullSectionPath {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    sponsor {
      ...sponsorTagSponsor
      name
      type
      id
    }
    id
  }
  ... on Article {
    sponsorType
  }
  ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent
}

fragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  createdDate
  publishedDate
  updatedDate
}

fragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {
  ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle
  ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle
  ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent
  ...helpersCheckIsAmpEnabledArticle
  entityId
  headline
  socialHeadline
  types {
    value {
      entityId
      id
    }
  }
  authors {
    entityId
    id
  }
  images {
    generic_og: style(filter: {style: "og_image_scmp_generic"}) {
      url
    }
    styles(filter: {styles: ["og_postmag", "og_image_style", "og_image_scmp_analysis", "og_image_scmp_explainer", "og_image_scmp_editorial", "og_image_scmp_fact_check", "og_image_scmp_debate", "og_image_scmp_live", "og_image_scmp_obituary", "og_image_scmp_opinion", "og_image_scmp_review", "og_image_scmp_series", "og_image_scmp_generic"]}) {
      url
      style
    }
    type
  }
  urlAlias
}

fragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  __typename
  ... on Article {
    types {
      value {
        name
        entityId
        description {
          text
        }
        id
      }
    }
    ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle
  }
  flag
  sectionsV2 {
    value {
      __typename
      ... on Section {
        name
      }
      ... on VideoSection {
        name
      }
      ... on Node {
        __isNode: __typename
        id
      }
    }
  }
  ...hooksContentHelperContent
}

fragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle
  ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle
  ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle
  flag
}

fragment hooksInlinePlusWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  topics {
    entityId
    id
  }
}

fragment hooksPaywallPromiseContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
}

fragment hooksTrackPageViewArticle on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  publishedDate
  headline
  sectionsV2 {
    value {
      __typename
      ... on Section {
        name
      }
      ... on Node {
        __isNode: __typename
        id
      }
    }
  }
  urlAlias
  authors {
    name
    id
  }
  entityUuid
}

fragment imageContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  headline
  ...checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent
}

fragment inlineWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent
}

fragment mainImagePrintArticleArticle on Article {
  images {
    title
    url
    isSlideshow
    size_652x446: style(filter: {style: "652x446"}) {
      url
    }
  }
}

fragment photoGalleryDialogContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  __typename
  ...contentShareWidgetContent
}

fragment photoGalleryWidgetContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  ...photoGalleryDialogContent
}

fragment scmpYoutubeContent on Content {
  __isContent: __typename
  entityId
  urlAlias
  publishedDate
}

fragment sponsorTagSponsor on Sponsor {
  name
  type
  images {
    url
  }
}


types

sectionsV2

disableOffPlatformContent

sponsorType

published

headline

socialHeadline

authors

images

publishedDate

updatedDate

summary

subHeadline

keywords

topics

readingTime

authorLocations

Jeoffrey Maitem

Australia has supplied the Philippine coastguard with a new batch of aerial and underwater drones that could significantly enhance Manila’s capability to monitor activities in the disputed South China Sea.
The systems would help the coastguard gather evidence and enhance deterrence across the contested waters, including areas within the Philippines’ exclusive economic zone, where Manila has faced repeated confrontations with Chinese vessels, according to analysts.
Based on images released by the Australian embassy in Manila on social media on Tuesday, the donation appears to include Australian-made surveillance, delivery and inspection drones: a fixed-wing Corvo drone that can carry small payloads over long distances, a compact Oceanbotics underwater vehicle used for inspection and sonar imaging, a smaller Corvo aerial drone and a Callisto 25 heavy-lift drone.


Australian and Philippine authorities have yet to confirm the specific models and capabilities of the drones.
Australian ambassador to the Philippines Marc Innes-Brown said in a post on social media that the donation formed part of Canberra’s continuing support for the modernisation of the Philippine coastguard and its maritime domain awareness efforts.
The latest donation follows a 2024 maritime cooperation agreement between both countries and earlier Australian drone and training support for the Philippine coastguard, reflecting Canberra’s growing role in helping Southeast Asian partners monitor and guard contested waters, according to analysts.
Chris Gardiner, CEO of the Institute for Regional Security, said the responsibilities of modern coastguards extended beyond the sea surface to the seabed and air.
“It involves intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance and interdiction in that multilayered domain. Modern coastguards must increasingly integrate both crewed and uncrewed, automated platforms and systems in their work,” Gardiner said.
Australia’s support would help the Philippine coastguard operate more effectively across a wider domain, he said.

Not a gamer-changer
Vincent Kyle Parada, a lecturer at De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde and a former Philippine Navy defence analyst, said the drones were intended primarily for surveillance and logistics missions, and not the types that had transformed warfare in Ukraine and the Middle East.
“Nevertheless, they address important capability gaps in the PCG’s arsenal,” Parada said.
Arnaud Leveau, a geopolitics professor at Paris Dauphine University, said that while the territorial dispute faced by the Philippines was different from the war in Ukraine, the lessons provided by the Ukrainian drone units were still useful.
“The West Philippine Sea is not a war zone, and the comparison has obvious limits. But a smaller actor with limited platforms can use low-cost unmanned systems to complicate the operational calculus of a larger one,” Leveau said.
The drones supplied by Australia might not be high-end strategic military systems, but they were suitable for the Philippine coastguard’s requirements for surveillance, inspection, search-and-rescue operations and documentation, he added.
The Oceanbotics SRV-8 could operate at depths of up to 350 metres (1,148 feet) and is equipped with sonar and positioning systems. According to Leveau, having such a drone system for the first time in the Philippines would enable its coastguard to develop a new subsurface awareness capability.
The key issue was whether the coastguard could integrate the drones into its daily operations, Leveau said.
The Philippine coastguard has largely relied on surface patrols, video documentation and a policy of transparency, and underwater drones could extend its deterrence capabilities. Grey-zone competition was not limited to ship and water-cannon encounters but increasingly involved sensors, seabed mapping, undersea cables, coral reefs and collection of maritime data, he added.

Parada said the Philippine military and coastguard had very limited capabilities in the area of unmanned systems, with most having been donated by partner states such as the US, Japan, France and Australia.
“Technology is only one part of the capability equation. Familiarising personnel with equipment and developing expertise is also part of the acquisition process,” Parada said.
Nonetheless, giving the Philippine coastguard its unmanned underwater vehicles would significantly enhance its ability to assess environmental damage caused by Chinese maritime activities and help safeguard critical underwater infrastructure, including subsea cables, he added.
The Philippine Navy has previously recovered several underwater drones believed to be of Chinese origin in Philippine waters, saying they were capable of collecting data for both civilian and military uses, including underwater warfare.
Leveau said that the Australian drones would provide the Philippines with a “smarter, cheaper, and lower-risk model” to maintain its maritime presence.
“The Philippines cannot match China ship for ship. But small drones can reduce risks to personnel and generate evidence without escalating to naval confrontation,” Leveau said.
For the Philippines, the objective is to use documentation and deterrence to stake its territorial claim and make “Chinese grey-zone activity visible”, according to Leveau.
“Drones, aerial and underwater alike, are well suited to that purpose. They extend reach without requiring the kind of physical presence that risks the very incidents Manila is trying to avoid,” Leveau said.
“What this donation begins to alter is the cost of that strategy, by making the documentation of Chinese behaviour cheaper, more persistent, and harder to contest.”


Leveau said Beijing could portray the systems as militarisation and use diplomatic or economic pressure to complicate the defence relationship between Australia and the Philippines.
While Gardiner also raised the possibility of Beijing objecting to Canberra’s support for Manila, he added: “It is hard to understand how any country would object to the Philippine coastguard modernising its capabilities and operations unless they fear it might complicate operations in Philippine territory by their nationals, agencies or forces.”
Analysts say that the additional drones can play a complementary role to the Philippine military’s existing assets amid the ongoing maritime dispute between Manila and Beijing.
According to Leveau, drones are not a substitute for patrol vessels but they can be useful for deployments during patrolling missions.
Parada, however, said that drones and other unmanned systems would not a “game-changer” and the South China Sea dispute would still require large vessels to deter Chinese intrusion in Philippine waters.
“Drones cannot hold territory, nor can they assist fisherfolk,” he said.


Philippines taps ‘smarter, cheaper’ Australian drones to deter China

Australia has provided the Philippine coastguard with additional aerial and undersea drones to support its modernisation. Photo: Facebook/Australia in the Philippines

The signing ceremony for the donation of Australia’s aerial and undersea drones to the Philippines takes place at the Philippine coastguard’s headquarters in Manila on Tuesday. Photo: Facebook/Australia in the Philippines

A Chinese coastguard vessel fires its water cannon at a Philippine vessel near the Philippine-occupied Thitu island, locally called Pag-asa island, in the South China Sea last October. Photo: Philippine coastguard/AP

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The underwater drones could enhance Manila’s capability to record Beijing’s intrusion in its waters, analysts say


The underwater drones could enhance Manila’s capability to record Beijing’s intrusion in its waters, analysts say.


Philippines taps ‘smarter, cheaper’ Australian drones to deter China

.css-1c6uqr6{color:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-family:inherit;line-height:inherit;overflow-wrap:break-word;}The underwater drones could enhance Manila’s capability to record Beijing’s intrusion in its waters, analysts say

The underwater drones could enhance Manila’s capability to record Beijing’s intrusion in its waters, analysts say